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51.
Daniel J. Berleant Olga Kosheleva Vladik Kreinovich Hung T. Nguyen 《Reliable Computing》2007,13(3):261-282
In many real-life situations, we only have partial information about probabilities. This information is usually described
by bounds on moments, on probabilities of certain events, etc. –i.e., by characteristics c(p) which are linear in terms of the unknown probabilities p
j. If we know interval bounds on some such characteristics , and we are interested in a characteristic c(p), then we can find the bounds on c(p) by solving a linear programming problem.
In some situations, we also have additional conditions on the probability distribution –e.g., we may know that the two variables
x
1 and x
2 are independent, or that the joint distribution of x
1 and x
2 is unimodal. We show that adding each of these conditions makes the corresponding interval probability problem NP-hard. 相似文献
52.
H.V. Jagadish Olga Kapitskaia Raymond T. Ng Divesh Srivastava 《The VLDB Journal The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases》2000,9(3):214-230
With the increasing importance of XML, LDAP directories, and text-based information sources on the Internet, there is an
ever-greater need to evaluate queries involving (sub)string matching. In many cases, matches need to be on multiple attributes/dimensions,
with correlations between the multiple dimensions. Effective query optimization in this context requires good selectivity
estimates. In this paper, we use pruned count-suffix trees (PSTs) as the basic data structure for substring selectivity estimation.
For the 1-D problem, we present a novel technique called MO (Maximal Overlap). We then develop and analyze two 1-D estimation
algorithms, MOC and MOLC, based on MO and a constraint-based characterization of all possible completions of a given PST.
For the k-D problem, we first generalize PSTs to multiple dimensions and develop a space- and time-efficient probabilistic algorithm
to construct k-D PSTs directly. We then show how to extend MO to multiple dimensions. Finally, we demonstrate, both analytically and experimentally,
that MO is both practical and substantially superior to competing algorithms.
Received April 28, 2000 / Accepted July 11, 2000 相似文献
53.
Internet and the WWW more and more play an important role in our information society. It is now one of the major sources of
information in every rank of our society. The overwhelming accessibility to data, on a global scale, does not necessarily
translate to widespread utility of data. We often find that we are drowning in data, with few tools to help managing relevant
data for our various activities. In this paper, we argue that the WWW and its end-users could benefit from the existence of
a conceptual web site schema. We propose such a conceptual web site schema that describes what information is available in
a web site and how this information is structured into pages and links. To allow to communicate this information through the
web, we developed an XML Document Type Definition (DTD) for this conceptual web site schema. We also illustrate the feasibility
of the approach by a simple application program developed using the XML Document Object Model (DOM).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
54.
In areas where tap water has a high salt content, wastewater is not appropriate for reuse in agriculture, particularly for sensitive crops. One alternative is reduction, via desalination, of the brackish character to the secondary effluent. A filtration stage is also required before desalination. On the other hand, used reverse osmosis membranes can be recycled and used as filters in the advanced treatment stage in order to reduce suspended matter contained in the secondary effluent—one advantage being the environmental recovery of solid waste. Used membranes can be treated with strong chemical oxidants to peel off the active separation layer in order to transform them into microfiltration or ultrafiltration elements. Preliminary tests have been carried out with 8″ elements, aimed at comparing membrane performance before and after the peeling process. An index denoted as peeling effectiveness (high flux, high salt passage) is used for comparison. It was soon observed that potassium permanganate was more effective than others, together with sodium hydroxide. Doses around 1000 mg/L KMnO4 provided the best results. It was also concluded that membrane cleaning, done with sodium bisulphite prior to peeling, was better when recirculating the cleaning solution around the membrane rather than soaking it. Next steps in the research will test the actual filtration capability of the peeled membranes in actual wastewater. 相似文献
55.
Functions that optimize Laplacian‐based energies have become popular in geometry processing, e.g. for shape deformation, smoothing, multiscale kernel construction and interpolation. Minimizers of Dirichlet energies, or solutions of Laplace equations, are harmonic functions that enjoy the maximum principle, ensuring no spurious local extrema in the interior of the solved domain occur. However, these functions are only C0 at the constrained points, which often causes smoothness problems. For this reason, many applications optimize higher‐order Laplacian energies such as biharmonic or triharmonic. Their minimizers exhibit increasing orders of continuity but lose the maximum principle and show oscillations. In this work, we identify characteristic artifacts caused by spurious local extrema, and provide a framework for minimizing quadratic energies on manifolds while constraining the solution to obey the maximum principle in the solved region. Our framework allows the user to specify locations and values of desired local maxima and minima, while preventing any other local extrema. We demonstrate our method on the smoothness energies corresponding to popular polyharmonic functions and show its usefulness for fast handle‐based shape deformation, controllable color diffusion, and topologically‐constrained data smoothing. 相似文献
56.
The present study examined the impact of a judicial warning, witness age, and the method of testimony presentation on mock jurors' perceptions of credibility of witnesses and accused, and on guilty verdicts. The participants were 435 undergraduate university students who listened to an audio-taped summary of a theft trial followed by abbreviated instructions to the jury. Witness age was 7, 10, or 23, the jury warning was either present or absent when witnesses were children, and the testimony by the prosecution eyewitness and accused were either presented or summarized. For the taped testimony conditions, the mock witnesses and the accused read a fact pattern describing the events in the case and were audiotaped as they answered a series of questions, which constituted direct and cross-examination. The testimony of the 7-year-old child, compared to the 10-year-old, was associated with lower cognitive competence and higher suggestibility, but also with higher accuracy of recall (lower mistaken recollection) and lower credibility of accused. The pattern of results for appraisal of the older child was more similar to that of an adult witness. The young adult was judged to be less trustworthy than children of either age. While the presence of a warning had no impact on guilty verdicts when a 7-year-old was a witness, there were fewer guilty verdicts when a witness was 10 years old. Participants also made fewer guilty verdicts when a young adult's testimony, compared to conditions involving child witnesses, was presented, but not when it was summarized. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
57.
Achim Müller Olga Heim M. Panneerselvam Monika Willert-Porada 《Materials Research Bulletin》2005,40(12):2153-2169
A modified microwave-assisted polyol method was applied to prepare nanoparticulate ceramic powders of different oxides, i.e. Gd2O3, AlO(OH) (boehmite) and TiO2. Due to the good dielectric properties of the utilised solvents, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and 1,4 butanediol, a significant decrease in reaction time was achieved under microwave heating. In the case of AlO(OH) and Gd2O3, <5 nm primary particle size were obtained. Boehmite was found to be intercalated with the solvent. The general applicability of the process is shown and the advantages in terms of properties and processibility are described. The powders thus prepared were investigated using X-ray diffractometry, electron microscopy and physisorption. 相似文献
58.
In computer and electronic manufacturing, it is very important to be able to automatically check whether the surface mounted devices (SMD) are correctly placed on the printed circuit boards. The inspection of these boards has to be done on a shop floor, where statistical characteristics of the noise vary so much that, in essence, we only have interval estimates for this noise.We show that under this interval uncertainty, the optimal image processing technique consists of using Haar wavelets. Wavelets indeed lead to much better results than previously used Fourier transform techniques.On a more fundamental level, our result is a step towards solving an important problem related to wavelets: that wavelet transforms often empirically work much better than other methods, but there are very few theoretical explanations of this efficiency. Our results shows that, probably, such a theoretical explanation can be obtained if we take interval uncertainty into consideration. 相似文献
59.
Reliable Computing - 相似文献
60.
Olga Martin 《国际通用系统杂志》2013,42(6):683-701
The problem of defuzzification is examined in this paper from a broader perspective as a special way of dealing with the general problem of retranslation. The paper includes an overview of different formulations of the problem of defuzzification, as well as an overview of methods that have been suggested in the literature for dealing with the problem. Our own approach to defuzzification, which is described in the paper in more details, is based on relevant measures of uncertainty-based information. This paper is a companion to our recent paper that addresses the general problem of retranslation in computing with perceptions (Martin and Klir 2006). 相似文献