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141.
With the development of technologies and the fast increase of our population we will need to adjust the conventional electrical source to meet the continuous increasing demand. Since the energy cost as well as the environmental awareness is growing fast, technologies using renewable energies appear as an interesting alternative. The aim of this research is to present a solar-driven 30 kW LiBr/H2O single-effect absorption cooling system which has been designed and installed at Institut Universitaire Technologique of Saint Pierre. The first part of this article deals with the simulation of the solar thermal plant. A pilot plant has been setup as part of RAFSOL which is a research program managed by the national research agency (ANR). 相似文献
142.
Mohamed Abouelatta-Ebrahim Olivier Valorge Francis Calmon 《Microelectronics Journal》2011,42(2):316-324
This paper is essentially composed of two parts for future synthesis. We developed 2D and 3D simulations, starting from a 0.35 μm standard CMOS technology, focusing on through silicon via or redistribution layer induced coupling; nMOSFET, pMOSFET, and the sensitive regions of the CMOS inverter are investigated. We also study stacked devices in 3D circuits, in the radiofrequency range, and propagation of electromagnetic waves along some interconnections with discontinuities. This study is performed in the time domain—a finite-difference time-domain method is applied to the analysis of some vias flanked by two striplines, all embedded in silicon. Electric and magnetic field distributions, transmission and reflexion parameters, and pulse propagations along a transverse via are presented. 相似文献
143.
Kamel Eddine El Mecherfi Djamel Saidi Omar Kheroua Ghazalia Boudraa Mahmoud Touhami Olivier Rouaud S��bastien Curet Yvan Choiset Hanitra Rabesona Jean-Marc Chobert Thomas Haertl�� 《European Food Research and Technology》2011,233(5):859-867
Effect of combined microwave (MW) and enzymatic hydrolysis on the human immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding properties of ??-lactoglobulin (??-lg) and other whey proteins (WP) was investigated. Separated ??-lg and full whey protein isolate (WPI) were hydrolyzed with trypsin, chymotrypsin, mixture of trypsin/chymotrypsin, and pepsin at three microwave power levels: 50?W during 1 and 5?min, 100 and 200?W during 1 and 3?min. The immunoreactivity of the obtained hydrolysates resulting from combined microwave protease treatment was assessed using sera of young patients allergic to bovine whey proteins. The application of microwave treatment at 200?W enhances the hydrolysis of ??-lg by pepsin in 3?min and decreases significantly its immunoreactivity. The extensive hydrolysis of the microwave-treated ??-lg and WPI with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and the mixture of trypsin with chymotrypsin did not have an impact on the IgE binding of the products obtained in all the studied conditions. 相似文献
144.
Abdallah Hamze Dr. Anne Giraud Dr. Samir Messaoudi Dr. Olivier Provot Dr. Jean‐François Peyrat Prof. Jérôme Bignon Dr. Jian‐Miao Liu Dr. Joanna Wdzieczak‐Bakala Dr. Sylviane Thoret Joëlle Dubois Dr. Jean‐Daniel Brion Prof. Mouad Alami Dr. 《ChemMedChem》2009,4(11):1912-1924
The cytotoxic activities of 23 new isocombretastatin A derivatives with modifications on the B‐ring were investigated. Several compounds exhibited excellent antiproliferative activity at nanomolar concentrations against a panel of human cancer cell lines. Compounds isoFCA‐4 ( 2 e ), isoCA‐4 ( 2 k ) and isoNH2CA‐4 ( 2 s ) were the most cytotoxic, and strongly inhibited tubulin polymerization with IC50 values of 4, 2 and 1.5 μM , respectively. These derivatives were found to be 10‐fold more active than phenstatin and colchicine with respect to growth inhibition but displayed similar activities as tubulin polymerization inhibitors. In addition, cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and subsequent apoptosis was observed in three cancer cell lines when treated with these compounds. The disruptive effect of 2 e , 2 k and 2 s on the vessel‐like structures formed by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) suggest that these compounds may act as vascular disrupting agents. Both compounds 2 k and 2 s have the potential for further prodrug modification and development as vascular disrupting agents for treatment of solid tumors. 相似文献
145.
Olivier Terraz Guillaume Guimberteau Stéphane Mérillou Dimitri Plemenos Djamchid Ghazanfarpour 《The Visual computer》2009,25(2):165-180
In this paper an extension of L-systems is proposed, based on three-dimensional (3D) generalized maps that allow an easier
control of the internal structure of 3D objects. A first and original application of this extension is also proposed: wood
modelling by growth simulation. Numerous other applications of our work are possible, in the area of computer graphics, as
well as in botanical science. 相似文献
146.
In food fermentation, many types of immobilization systems are used, such as hydrogel entrapment, where alginate is the main biopolymer. One of the important problems in industrial processes is the quantifications of biomass, since the traditional system of direct cell counting cannot be used. In this study, a simple digital imaging method to determine the biomass of yeasts immobilized into alginate capsules was developed. Important evidence of the yeasts growing inside the alginate was the change in the surface color of the capsule. Digital images were taken with different biomass concentration, and the RGB-analysis showed significant differences in the blue field. The histogram of the blue channel was used to develop a PLS multivariate calibration to predict biomass concentration. The method was validated in primary beer fermentation with good efficiency. 相似文献
147.
Mohamed Kamel Hadj-Kali Vincent Gerbaud Patrick Lovera Olivier Baudouin Pascal Floquet Xavier Joulia Jean-Marc Borgard Philippe Carles 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2009
A model for the Bunsen section of the Sulfur–Iodine thermo-chemical cycle is proposed, where sulfur dioxide reacts with excess water and iodine to produce two demixing liquid aqueous phases (H2SO4 rich and HI rich) in equilibrium. Considering the mild temperature and pressure conditions, the UNIQUAC activity coefficient model combined with Engels' solvation model is used. The complete model is discussed, with HI solvation by water and by iodine as well as H2SO4 solvation by water, leading to a very high complexity with almost hundred parameters to be estimated from experimental data. Taking into account the water excess, a successful reduced model with only 15 parameters is proposed after defining new apparent species. Acids total dissociation and total H+ solvation by water are the main assumptions. Results show a good agreement with published experimental data between 25 °C and 120 °C. 相似文献
148.
149.
Robert L. Wolff Olivier Lavialle Frédérique Pédrono Elodie Pasquier Laurent G. Deluc Anne M. Marpeau Kurt Aitzetmüller 《Lipids》2001,36(5):439-451
Following our previous review on Pinus spp. seed fatty acid (FA) compositions, we recapitulate here the seed FA compositions of Larix (larch), Picea (spruce), and Pseudotsuga (Douglas fir) spp. Numerous seed FA compositions not described earlier are included. Approximately 40% of all Picea taxa and one-third of Larix taxa have been analyzed so far for their seed FA compositions. Qualitatively, the seed FA compositions in the three genera
studied here are the same as in Pinus spp., including in particular the same Δ5-olefinic acids. However, they display a considerably lower variability in Larix and Picea spp. than in Pinus spp. An assessment of geographical variations in the seed FA composition of P. abies was made, and intraspecific dissimilarities in this species were found to be of considerably smaller amplitude than interspecific
dissimilarities among other Picea species. This observation supports the use of seed FA compositions as chemotaxonomic markers, as they practically do not
depend on edaphic or climatic conditions. This also shows that Picea spp. are coherently united as a group by their seed FA compositions. This also holds for Larix spp. Despite a close resemblance between Picea and Larix spp. seed FA compositions, principal component analysis indicates that the minor differences in seed FA compositions between
the two genera are sufficient to allow a clear-cut individualization of the two genera. In both cases, the main FA is linoleic
acid (slightly less than one-half of total FA), followed by pinolenic (5,9,12-18:3) and oleic acids. A maximum of 34% of total
Δ5-olefinic acids is reached in L. sibirica seeds, which appears to be the highest value found in Pinaceae seed FA. This apparent limit is discussed in terms of regio-
and stereospecific distribution of Δ5-olefinic acids in seed triacylglycerols. Regarding the single species of Pseudotsuga analyzed so far (P. menziesii), its seed FA composition is quite distinct from that of the other two genera, and in particular, it contains 1.2% of 14-methylhexadecanoic
(anteiso-17:0) acid. In the three genera studied here, as well as in most Pinus spp., the C18Δ5-olefinic acids (5,9-18:2 and 5,9,12-18:3 acids) are present in considerably higher amounts than the C20Δ5-olefinic acids (5,11-20:2 and 5,11,14-20:3 acids). 相似文献
150.
Olivier Pras Davide Beneventi Didier Chaussy Paul Piette Sandra Tapin-Lingua 《Journal of Materials Science》2013,48(20):6911-6920
In this study, microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and dendritic copper were used as binder and conductive phase for the elaboration of self-standing conductive films and coatings. A filtration technique was used to prepare MFC/Cu films from particle dispersions in water and ethanol. In aqueous slurries copper oxidized and an additional corona treatment or the use of zinc particles as sacrificial anode were necessary to obtain films with conductivities ranging from 70 to 2500 S m?1, respectively. In ethanol-based MFC/Cu slurries, copper was subjected to limited oxidation. However, the low packing density of conductive particles (below the percolation threshold) led to resistive films which, after densification by calendering, displayed extremely high conductivities, up to 70000 S m?1. Aqueous MFC/Cu slurries were successfully used for the deposition of conductive coatings on copy paper by Mayer rod coating and screen printing, which were subsequently treated by corona discharge and calendering. The obtained coatings displayed intermediate conductivity (i.e. 95 and 570 S m?1 for rod coating and screen printing, respectively), which can be further increased using zinc particles or ethanol-based formulations. 相似文献