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11.
Osamu Umezawa 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2004,35(2):543-553
To achieve higher fatigue resistance against subsurface crack generation, both the refinement of grain structure and the introduction
of mobile dislocations on various slip systems have been shown to be effective in the 32Mn-7Cr austenitic steel. A novel treatment
which consisted of cold grooved rolling and partial recrystallization was introduced to modify the microstructure. High-cycle
fatigue properties and fatigue-crack generation were investigated for both the solution-treated (ST) and the partially recrystallized
(PR) materials at 77 K. The PR material displayed higher fatigue strength than the ST material, especially in the high-cycle
regime. No subsurface crack generation was detected for the PR material; however, it appeared in the lower peak stress and/or
in the longer-life range for the ST material. Intergranular facets formed a subsurface crack initiation site in the ST material.
Since the dislocation structure that developed in the fatigued PR material assisted homogeneous and multidirectional plastic
deformation, the localized deformation and/or the stress concentration at the grain boundaries by coplanar arrays were believed
to be relieved. Therefore, intergranular cracking due to incompatibility at a grain boundary may disappear. 相似文献
12.
The photovoltaic (PV) power systems in Japan made great strides in the past decade. The PV industry in the 1990s greatly depended on the research projects and dissemination programs carried out by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry. However, the industrial structure for full-scale deployment of the PV system is currently being established by the manufacturers’ continuous efforts to reduce the PV system cost and the government’s consecutive supports to create the initial market. It is expected that the synergetic effect of the cost reduction and incentives for introduction will activate the PV industry and its market more and more toward achieving 5000 MW of the capacity in FY 2010. 相似文献
13.
Giovanni Maizza Salvatore Grasso Yoshio Sakka Tetsuji Noda Osamu Ohashi 《Science and Technology of Advanced Materials》2007,8(7-8):644
A combined experimental/numerical methodology is developed to fully consolidate pure ultrafine WC powder under a current-control mode. Three applied currents, 1900, 2100 and 2700 A, and a constant pressure of 20 MPa were employed as process conditions. The developed spark plasma sintering (SPS) finite-element model includes a moving-mesh technique to account for the contact resistance change due to sintering shrinkage and punch sliding. The effects of the heating rate on the microstructure and hardness were investigated in detail along the sample radius from both experimental and modeling points of view. The maximum hardness (2700 HV10) was achieved for a current of 1900 A at the core sample, while the maximum densification was achieved for 2100 and 2700 A. A direct relationship between the compact microstructure and both the sintering temperature and the heating rate was established. 相似文献
14.
The behavior of a premixed flame propagating from a chamber into a narrow channel at a high speed was examined using high speed and instantaneous schlieren photography, ion current measurement with electrostatic probes, and temperature measurement with an optical method. From detailed measurements of flames passing through the channel, flame extinguishment in the channel, no matter whether transient or not, was found to occur due to quenching of the reacting gas by rapid turbulent mixing with cold fresh mixture at the downstream of the contraction region and by heat transfer to the cold channel walls. Extinguishment must occur when these heat losses exceed the heat released by the chemical reaction of the flowing mixture. 相似文献
15.
Preparation of spherical fine ZnO particles by the spray pyrolysis method using ultrasonic atomization techniques 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tian-Quan Liu Osamu Sakurai Nobuyasu Mizutani Masanori Kato 《Journal of Materials Science》1986,21(10):3698-3702
An ultrasonic atomizer was used in the spray pyrolysis method to prepare fine, spherical and uniform ZnO particles. Almost spherical particles were obtained successfully which had a mean particle size of 0.15 m and had a very narrow particle size distribution. By using alcohol as the solvent, it was found that the particles do not have hollow shell layers which could usually be observed in the spray pyrolysis process by using water as the solvent. The morphology of the ZnO particles was strongly affected by the concentration of the starting solution. 相似文献
16.
Tadashi Kusumoto Osamu Ishikawa Takao Mizusaki Akira Hirai 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》1985,59(3-4):269-289
The nuclear spin dynamics in nuclear spin ordered solid3He in low magnetic fields on the melting curve has been studied by pulsed NMR down to 0.6 mK. The free induction decay signals (FID) were measured in single crystals of solid3He at three operating frequencies of 920, 1380, and 1840 kHz. The FIDs were nonexponential and dependent on the rf pulse strength
p
H
1
t
w
, where is the gyromagnetic ratio,H
1 is the rf field strength, andt
w
is the pulse width. At small
p
they decayed almost linearly in time with a small exponential tail at the end. When
p
was further increased they became shorter and neither exponential nor linear in time. At large
p
they decayed very rapidly and sometimes could not be observed at all because of the dead time of the NMR detection system. Such behavior of the FID was observed in many different single crystals in the given temperature range at 920 kHz. Tsubota and Tsuneto have shown by solving the nonlinear equations of motion numerically that the motion of the nuclear spin becomes chaotic when the tipping angle exceeds a critical value. Comparing their result with our experimental results, we concluded that some of the results of the rapid decay of the FID at large
p
might be attributed to the onset of the chaotic motion. At 1840 kHz it is expected that the nonlinear effects in the equations of motion become less effective than that at 920 kHz. In fact, at this operating frequency the FIDs even at large
p
and the tipping angle-dependent frequency shift could be observed. These frequency shifts were in rather good agreement with Namaizawa's theory provided an effective tipping angle was taken into account. 相似文献
17.
Fuminori Tanihara Maki Hirata Nhien Thi Nguyen Osamu Sawamoto Takeshi Kikuchi Takeshige Otoi 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(5)
Xenoantigens cause hyperacute rejection and limit the success of interspecific xenografts. Therefore, genes involved in xenoantigen biosynthesis, such as GGTA1, CMAH, and B4GALNT2, are key targets to improve the outcomes of xenotransplantation. In this study, we introduced a CRISPR/Cas9 system simultaneously targeting GGTA1, CMAH, and B4GALNT2 into in vitro-fertilized zygotes using electroporation for the one-step generation of multiple gene-edited pigs without xenoantigens. First, we optimized the combination of guide RNAs (gRNAs) targeting GGTA1 and CMAH with respect to gene editing efficiency in zygotes, and transferred electroporated embryos with the optimized gRNAs and Cas9 into recipient gilts. Next, we optimized the Cas9 protein concentration with respect to the gene editing efficiency when GGTA1, CMAH, and B4GALNT2 were targeted simultaneously, and generated gene-edited pigs using the optimized conditions. We achieved the one-step generation of GGTA1/CMAH double-edited pigs and GGTA1/CMAH/B4GALNT2 triple-edited pigs. Immunohistological analyses demonstrated the downregulation of xenoantigens; however, these multiple gene-edited pigs were genetic mosaics that failed to knock out some xenoantigens. Although mosaicism should be resolved, the electroporation technique could become a primary method for the one-step generation of multiple gene modifications in pigs aimed at improving pig-to-human xenotransplantation. 相似文献
18.
Kimiyasu Sato Miyuki Kawai Yuji Hotta Takaaki Nagaoka Koji Watari 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2007,90(4):1319-1322
Because the pyrolysis of organic substances can result in the emission of harmful pollutant gases, a reduction in the use of organic binders is one aim of today's ceramics industry. A novel ceramic-forming process was developed that requires considerably less organic binder than conventional techniques. The process involves immobilizing reactive molecules on the surfaces of the particles, which on subsequent irradiation with microwaves, form bridges that bind the entire particle assembly together. The chemical forces involved produce strong bonds, resulting in a significant reduction in the amount of organic binder that is required to maintain the shape of the ceramic green body. This method will help to decrease emissions of harmful gases produced from pyrolysis of the binder. 相似文献
19.
The adsorption properties of oxygen and methane on Ga-ZSM-5 and Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts were examined by a TPD method to clarify the extraordinary selectivity of HC-SCR using methane on Ga-ZSM-5. It was observed that Ga-ZSM-5 did not adsorb oxygen but adsorbed methane dissociatively, while on Cu-ZSM-5 oxygen was dissociatively adsorbed and reacted with adsorbed ethylene. 相似文献
20.
Masayuki Shirai Chandrashekhar V. Rode Eiichi Mine Akiyoshi Sasaki Osamu Sato Norihito Hiyoshi 《Catalysis Today》2006,115(1-4):248-253
Catalytic ring hydrogenations of naphthalene and 1-naphthol were studied over several supported metal catalysts in supercritical carbon dioxide solvent at low temperature. Higher concentration of hydrogen in supercritical carbon dioxide and lower reaction temperature were responsible for higher catalyst activity and selectivities to the desired partial ring hydrogenated products as compared with those observed in organic solvent for the same catalyst. 相似文献