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排序方式: 共有1293条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
A series of poly(butyl methacrylate)s (PBMAs) with various molar masses (33 000–270 000 g mol?1), which were densely grafted on fumed silica nanoparticles (PBMA–SiO2), were synthesized by surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The dynamic viscoelastic behavior of PBMA–SiO2 was systematically investigated in the solid and molten states with oscillatory strains, and compared to that of a conventional nanocomposite (PBMA/SiO2). The storage moduli of PBMA–SiO2 and PBMA/SiO2 are equivalent in the solid state, whereas the storage modulus of PBMA–SiO2 is lower than that of PBMA/SiO2 in the molten state, especially at high silica loading. This is because the formation of a network structure composed of the silica nanoparticles in PBMA–SiO2 is strongly suppressed by the polymer brushes on the particles. In contrast, even at low silica loading, the PBMA–SiO2 system exhibits a gel‐like behavior resulting from a steric repulsion between the composite particles, because all of the tethered polymers behave as bound polymers. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
72.
Shimizu Y Tamura T Ono M Kasai O Nakajima T 《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》2002,28(8):931-937
We proposed a method for objectively selecting the most fitted rate equation among candidate rate equations based on chemical kinetics by both nonlinear regression analysis and Akaike's information criterion (AIC), to express the decrease of pharmaceutical ingredient as an appropriate equation. Pseudo-zero, first, and second-order rate equations were prepared as candidates beforehand, and AIC was introduced for selecting the most fitted rate equation among the candidates. We compared the proposed method to the Weibull method that expressed any decrease patterns as a single equation.
We quantified the contents of thiamine nitrate (VB1) and taurine after storage for one, three, and six months under 40°C-75% relative humidity by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Decrease patterns of each sample were most fitted to one of the candidate rate equations, that is, pseudo-zero, first, and second-order rate equations, respectively, and the degree of fit in the most fitted equation was superior to that of the Weibull method, except for the pseudo-first-order rate equation.
Moreover, we confirmed that the proposed method was considerably precise for estimating the stability of pharmaceuticals by comparing estimated residual rates and confidence intervals to experimental data. 相似文献
We quantified the contents of thiamine nitrate (VB1) and taurine after storage for one, three, and six months under 40°C-75% relative humidity by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Decrease patterns of each sample were most fitted to one of the candidate rate equations, that is, pseudo-zero, first, and second-order rate equations, respectively, and the degree of fit in the most fitted equation was superior to that of the Weibull method, except for the pseudo-first-order rate equation.
Moreover, we confirmed that the proposed method was considerably precise for estimating the stability of pharmaceuticals by comparing estimated residual rates and confidence intervals to experimental data. 相似文献
73.
Yamamoto O Sawai J Kojima H Sasamoto T 《Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine》2002,13(8):789-792
MgO–CaO powders were prepared with different molar ratios (MgO/CaO) at 1400 °C for 2 h in air. By using the powder samples obtained, the change in bactericidal effect as a function of MgO–CaO composition was studied by colony count method. From the XRD measurements, it was found that CaO solid solution was formed by the replacement of Mg2+ ion with larger Ca2+ ion. However, no formation of MgO solid solution was observed. The average particle size and the specific surface area of the samples used in this study were about 0.2 m and 10.5m2g–1, respectively. The pH values of physiological saline containing powder samples increased with the increase of CaO content, and the value reached 12.1 in sample with the molar ratio (MgO/CaO) of 0.25. From the results of bactericidal tests for Staphylococcus aureus, it was found that the bactericidal effect increased with the increase of CaO content in the samples. 相似文献
74.
I investigate whether cortical -oscillations are relevant to reading out synchronous neuronal firings that are distributed over the brain. A cortical neural network model is proposed and simulated. The model consists of two sensory networks (SI and SII) and one coincidence-sensitive network (CS). -oscillatory inputs and external stimuli are applied to interneurons and projection neurons of the sensory networks, respectively. The SI and SII networks project to the CS network in a divergent/convergent manner. Here I show that beating in membrane potential of CS neurons mediates the detection of synchronous neuronal firings between the SI and SII networks. A slight increase (a few Hz) in difference between frequencies of the -oscillations in the SI and SII networks generates the beating in the CS network. The synchronous neuronal firings are detected at each peak of the beating, regardless of difference in signal transmission time between SI-to-CS and SII-to-CS pathways. 相似文献
75.
Organosilane self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been applied to resist materials for nanolithography based on scanning probe microscopy. An organosilane SAM was prepared on Si substrates from a precursor, that is octadecyltrimethoxysilane. Using an atomic force microscope with a conductive probe, current was injected from the probe into the SAM-covered Si substrate so that the SAM was locally degraded at the probe-contacting point. Nanoscale patterns drawn on the SAM was clearly imaged by lateral force microscopy. The patterning could be conducted in air while, in vacuum at the order of 10(-6) Torr, no detectable patterns were fabricated. The presence of adsorbed water at the probe/sample junction was confirmed to be crucial for the patterning of the SAM/Si. Its mechanism was, thus, ascribed to electrochemical reactions of both the SAM and Si with adsorbed water. 相似文献
76.
Scalability is a key requirement for any KDD and data mining algorithm, and one of the biggest research challenges is to develop methods that allow to use large amounts of data. One possible approach for dealing with huge amounts of data is to take a random sample and do data mining on it, since for many data mining applications approximate answers are acceptable. However, as argued by several researchers, random sampling is difficult to use due to the difficulty of determining an appropriate sample size. In this paper, we take a sequential sampling approach for solving this difficulty, and propose an adaptive sampling method that solves a general problem covering many actual problems arising in applications of discovery science. An algorithm following this method obtains examples sequentially in an on-line fashion, and it determines from the obtained examples whether it has already seen a large enough number of examples. Thus, sample size is not fixed a priori; instead, it adaptively depends on the situation. Due to this adaptiveness, if we are not in a worst case situation as fortunately happens in many practical applications, then we can solve the problem with a number of examples much smaller than required in the worst case. We prove the correctness of our method and estimates its efficiency theoretically. For illustrating its usefulness, we consider one concrete task requiring sampling, provide an algorithm based on our method, and show its efficiency experimentally. 相似文献
77.
78.
Maehara Fumiaki Nakamura Osamu Takanashi Hitoshi 《Wireless Personal Communications》2000,15(3):181-197
We propose a novel SIR weighting postdetection combining diversity scheme with a new accurate SIR estimation method. The SIR is estimated and used as the weighting factor to compensate severe cochannel interference, one of the most important issues for PCS in terms of frequency utilization. Theimprovement offered by the proposal depends on SIR estimation accuracy.The SIR is, in this paper, estimated by a matched filter where theauto-correlation between received signal and unique word is calculated. Computer simulationsconfirm that the SIR of each diversity branch can be estimated easily andaccuratelyby the proposed SIR estimation method. The proposed diversity scheme achievesaperformance very close to that of ideal SINR weighting diversity underRayleighfading with severe cochannel interference. When average SIR = 10 dB and thenumber of branches(L)=4, the proposed diversity scheme lowers the requiredEb/N0 by 5 dB at BER = 1×10-3compared to conventional maximal ratio combining diversity. This paper alsopresentsthe unique word length required to realize adequate performance, i.e.,robustnessagainst high-pitch Rayleigh fading. 相似文献
79.
In this study, a new marine oil that contains 45% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22∶6n−3) and 13% docosapentaenoic acid (DPA,
22∶5n−6) was administered to rats. The metabolism and distribution of DPA in rats was investigated. In experiment 1, the effects
of DHA and n−6 fatty acids (linoleic acid, I A; arachidonic acid, AA; and DPA) on AA contents were investigated in vivo. LA group: LA 25%, DHA 30%; LA-DPA group: LA 15%, DPA 10%, DHA 35%; LA-AA-DPA group: LA 10%, AA 5%, DPA 10%, DHA 35% were
administered to rats for 4 wk. In the liver, the AA content in the LA-DPA and LA-AA-DPA groups was significantly higher than
in the LA group. The decreased AA contents in the LA group might be caused by DHA administration. Although DHA also was administered
in the LA-DPA and LA-AA-DPA groups, the AA contents in these two groups did not decrease. These results suggested that DPA
retroconverted to AA, blunting the decrease in AA content caused by DHA administration. To conduct a detailed investigation
on DPA metabolism and its relation with AA and DHA, rat hepatocytes were cultured with pruified DPA and DHA for 24 h. We discovered
the retroconversion of DPA to AA occurred only when AA content was decreased by a high DHA administration; it did not occur
when AA content was maintained at a normal level. 相似文献
80.
The resultant thermoelectric properties of welded Cu/Bi-Te/Cu composites were measured at 298 K as a function of relative
thickness x of Bi-Te compound by changing the interval s between two thermocouples and compared with those calculated as a function of x by treating it as an electrical and thermal circuit. These composites were prepared by welding with eutectic solder of Pb-Sn,
after one end surface of the as-grown p- and n-type Bi-Te ingots were plated with Ni. It was found that the observed ZT of composites has a local maximum at an optimum x even when s was changed, as in the case of Cu/Bi-Sb/Cu and Ni/Bi-Sb/Ni composites with various relative thicknesses. Appearance of a
local maximum in ZT is owing to the barrier thermo-emf generated by a sharp temperature drop at the interface between Bi-Te compound and copper.
It may be caused by the separation of non-equilibrium carriers at the interface between them. The observed maximum ZT values at 298 K of the p- and n-type composites reached surprisingly great values of 1.53 and 1.66 at x=0.98, which correspond to about twice as large as those of commercially utilized Bi-Te compounds. This enhancement of ZT is available for generators, but may be not utilizable as a Peltier module. The composite materials were thus found to be
utilizable as useful means of further increase in ZT of macroscopic bulk materials. 相似文献