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排序方式: 共有1310条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Samsur M Takatani T Yamaguchi Y Sagara T Noguchi T Arakawa O 《Shokuhin eiseigaku zasshi. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan》2007,48(1):13-18
The paralytic shellfish poison (PSP)-producing dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum (Gc) was fed to the short-necked clam Tapes japonica, and the accumulation, transformation and elimination profiles of PSP were investigated by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with postcolumn fluorescence derivatization (HPLC-FLD). The short-necked clams ingested most of the Gc cells (4 x 10(6) cells) supplied as a bolus at the beginning of the experiment, and accumulated a maximal amount of toxin (181 nmol/10 clams) after 12 hr. The rate of toxin accumulation at that time was 16%, which rapidly decreased thereafter. During the rearing period, a variation in toxin composition, derived presumably from the transformation of toxin analogues in the clams, was observed, including a reversal of the ratio of C2 to C1, and the appearance of carbamate (gonyautoxin (GTX) 2, 3) and decarbamoyl (dc) derivatives (decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX) and dcGTX2, 3), which were undetectable in Gc cells. The total amount of toxin contained in clams and residue (remaining Gc cells and/or excrement in the rearing tank) gradually declined, and only about 1% of the supplied toxin was detected at the end of the experiment. 相似文献
62.
Elisabete Yurie Sataque Ono Marcelo da Silva Elisabete Hiromi Hashimoto Édio Vizoni Osamu Kawamura Yoshitsugu Sugiura 《Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment》2013,30(11):1392-1399
Based on fungal and fumonisin contamination of 870 freshly harvested samples, the quality of corn used by processing industries in the Northern region of Paraná State, Brazil (2003 and 2004 crop-year) was evaluated. Sampling was carried out for each crop at two points in the production chain, i.e. at reception by the processors and at the pre-drying step. Corn samples were more frequently contaminated with Fusarium sp. (100%) and Penicillium sp. (84.1–95.3%) than Aspergillus sp. (5.6–19.8%). Fumonisin B1 (FB1) was detected in all samples from the two points in both crop-years. FB1 levels ranged 0.02–11.83 µg g?1 in the reception and 0.02–10.98 µg g?1 in the pre-drying samples of the 2003 crop. Samples from the 2004 crop showed FB1 levels ranging 0.03–12.04 µg g?1 in the reception and 0.06–7.74 µg g?1 in the pre-drying samples. FB2 levels ranged 0.02–5.25 µg g?1 in the reception and 0.01–7.89 µg g?1 in the pre-drying samples (2003 crop-year). In samples from the 2004 crop, FB2 levels ranged 0.02–6.12 µg g?1 in the reception and 0.05–3.47 µg g?1 in the pre-drying samples. Low fumonisin levels were detected in most corn samples used by processors in the Northern region of Paraná State, showing a decreasing trend in fumonisin contamination over the years. 相似文献
63.
Keiji Sakaki Toshihiro Yokochi Osamu Suzuki Toshikatsu Hakuta 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1990,67(9):553-557
The extraction of oil from fungi (Mortierella ramanniana var.angulispora) was studied using carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), trifluoromethane (CHF3) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) under supercritical conditions. The oil solubility was highest in SC-N2O followed by SC-CO2, while both SC-CHF3 and SC-SF6 showed poorer solvent power. The recorded oil solubilities at 333 K and 24.5 MPa were 2.3 wt% in N2O, 0.48 wt% in CO2, 0.0099 wt% in CHF3 and 0.0012 wt% in SF6.
The oil solubilities in SC-N2O and SC-CO2 were measured over the pressure range 15.7–29.4 MPa and at temperatures ranging from 313–353 K. N2O always showed greater solvent power than did CO2 at the same temperature and pressure. The solvent power of a supercritical fluid increases with density at a given temperature,
and increases with temperature at constant density.
The change in neutral lipid composition of the extracted oil with the extraction ratio was measured. Free fatty acids or diglycerides
were extracted more easily than triglycerides or sterol esters. The change in fatty acid composition was also measured. The
proportion of γ-linolenic acid in the extract remained constant throughout the extraction. 相似文献
64.
65.
This paper proposes a method for automatic design of the sensory morphology of a mobile robot. The proposed method employs two types of adaptations, ontogenetic and phylogenetic, to optimize the sensory morphology of the robot. In ontogenetic adaptation, reinforcement learning searches for the optimal policy, which is highly dependent on the sensory morphology. In phylogenetic adaptation, a genetic algorithm is used to select morphologies with which the robot can learn tasks faster. Our proposed method was applied to the design of the sensory morphology of a line‐following robot. We performed simulation experiments to compare the design solution with a hand‐coded robot. The results of the experiments revealed that our robot outperformed the hand‐coded robot in terms of the following accuracy and learning speed, although our robot had fewer sensors than the hand‐coded one. We also built a physical robot using the design solution. The experimental results revealed that this physical robot used its morphology effectively and outperformed the hand‐coded robot. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 172(1): 48–57, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20965 相似文献
66.
Koji Sugano Yuki Uchida Osamu Ichihashi Hideo Yamada Toshiyuki Tsuchiya Osamu Tabata 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2010,9(6):1165-1174
Gold nanoparticles with diameters of a few tens of nanometer and a narrow size distribution were synthesized using a pulsed
mixing method with a microfluidic system which consists of a Y-shaped mixing microchannel and two piezoelectric valveless
micropumps. This mixing method enables control of the mixing speed of gold salts and reducing agent by changing the switching
frequency of the micropumps, which was our focus to improve the particle size distribution, which is an essential parameter
in gold nanoparticle synthesis. In the proposed method, the mixing time was inversely proportional to the switching frequency
and the minimum mixing time was 95 ms at a switching frequency of 200 Hz. During synthesis experiments, the mean diameter
of the synthesized gold nanoparticles was found to increase, and the coefficient of variation of particle size was found to
decrease with decreasing mixing time. We successfully improved the coefficient of variation to less than 10% for a mean diameter
of around 40 nm. 相似文献
67.
Foundation engineering emerged as a discipline of modern engineering science in 1940s. Design and analysis as well as practice of foundation engineering have made a significant progress up to the present time. This paper gives an overview of the development of foundation engineering, mainly referring to papers published in Soils and Foundations. The paper describes the theoretical development of foundation analysis and a recent increasing trend of foundation practice of adopting various hybrid foundations. The paper points out the importance of environmental considerations in foundation design and practice, including low noise and vibration reduction, reuse of existing foundations and use of natural energy through foundation elements. The paper then provides authors’ views of future directions in foundation studies and practice. 相似文献
68.
In this article, a genetic algorithm is applied to an optimization problem of material composition for a plate of step-formed functionally graded materials. The step-formed functionally graded plate is analyzed as a laminated composite plate made of numerous layers with homogeneous and different isotropic material properties. First, the onedimensional transient temperature distribution for a laminated plate is analyzed theoret ically. In addition, the thermal stress components for such an infinitely long plate are formulated under the mechanical condition of being traction-free. As a numerical example, a plate composed of zirconium oxide and titanium alloy is considered. In addition, for the optimization problem of minimizing the thermal stress distribution, the numerical calculations are made using a genetic algorithm without supposing a distribution function of material composition and the optimal material composition of each layer is determined taking into account the effect of the temperature dependency of material properties. Furthermore, the results obtained when a distribution function isn't specified and the results found when a distribution function is specified are compared. 相似文献
69.
A series of poly(butyl methacrylate)s (PBMAs) with various molar masses (33 000–270 000 g mol?1), which were densely grafted on fumed silica nanoparticles (PBMA–SiO2), were synthesized by surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The dynamic viscoelastic behavior of PBMA–SiO2 was systematically investigated in the solid and molten states with oscillatory strains, and compared to that of a conventional nanocomposite (PBMA/SiO2). The storage moduli of PBMA–SiO2 and PBMA/SiO2 are equivalent in the solid state, whereas the storage modulus of PBMA–SiO2 is lower than that of PBMA/SiO2 in the molten state, especially at high silica loading. This is because the formation of a network structure composed of the silica nanoparticles in PBMA–SiO2 is strongly suppressed by the polymer brushes on the particles. In contrast, even at low silica loading, the PBMA–SiO2 system exhibits a gel‐like behavior resulting from a steric repulsion between the composite particles, because all of the tethered polymers behave as bound polymers. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
70.
Shimizu Y Tamura T Ono M Kasai O Nakajima T 《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》2002,28(8):931-937
We proposed a method for objectively selecting the most fitted rate equation among candidate rate equations based on chemical kinetics by both nonlinear regression analysis and Akaike's information criterion (AIC), to express the decrease of pharmaceutical ingredient as an appropriate equation. Pseudo-zero, first, and second-order rate equations were prepared as candidates beforehand, and AIC was introduced for selecting the most fitted rate equation among the candidates. We compared the proposed method to the Weibull method that expressed any decrease patterns as a single equation.
We quantified the contents of thiamine nitrate (VB1) and taurine after storage for one, three, and six months under 40°C-75% relative humidity by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Decrease patterns of each sample were most fitted to one of the candidate rate equations, that is, pseudo-zero, first, and second-order rate equations, respectively, and the degree of fit in the most fitted equation was superior to that of the Weibull method, except for the pseudo-first-order rate equation.
Moreover, we confirmed that the proposed method was considerably precise for estimating the stability of pharmaceuticals by comparing estimated residual rates and confidence intervals to experimental data. 相似文献
We quantified the contents of thiamine nitrate (VB1) and taurine after storage for one, three, and six months under 40°C-75% relative humidity by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Decrease patterns of each sample were most fitted to one of the candidate rate equations, that is, pseudo-zero, first, and second-order rate equations, respectively, and the degree of fit in the most fitted equation was superior to that of the Weibull method, except for the pseudo-first-order rate equation.
Moreover, we confirmed that the proposed method was considerably precise for estimating the stability of pharmaceuticals by comparing estimated residual rates and confidence intervals to experimental data. 相似文献