The application of identity status and intimacy status research to counseling with couples.

Reviews the concepts of identity and intimacy as proposed by E. H. Erikson (1959) and discusses their clinical implications. Identity status and intimacy status models are outlined, and hypothetical case histories are presented within this developmental framework. It is concluded that an understanding of couple conflict at ages 21–35 yrs can be enhanced by use of the empirical model in order to prevent conflict and enhance growth. (49 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Postnatal growth and psychomotor development in small for gestational age Brazilian infants.

Early psychomotor development (PD), as measured by the Gesell Developmental Schedules, of 29 infants that were small for gestational age (SGA) was more dependent on postnatal growth than the PD of 51 infants whose birth weight was appropriate for gestational age. The significant association of postnatal growth with PD in SGA Ss at 4, 8, and 12 mo of age was not explained by birth weight or SES. Findings support the hypothesis that the factors that determine postnatal growth in SGA infants also affect neurointegrative development. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Attachment, accountability, and motivation to benefit another not in distress.

Investigated the nature of the motivation—egoistic or altruistic—involved in benefiting another person not in distress. It was hypothesized that in the absence of emotional attachment arising from a prior relationship with the person benefited, the motivation would be egoistic. As a result, likelihood of benefit would increase if the potential benefactor anticipated having to account for his/her actions to the potential recipient. In contrast, it was also hypothesized that in the presence of emotional attachment arising from a prior relationship, the motivation to benefit would be altruistic. As a result, likelihood of benefit would be unaffected by anticipated accountability. To test these hypotheses, 40 female undergraduates were given a choice between benefiting themselves and benefiting another female undergraduate with whom they either had or had not had a prior relationship. In the absence of any prior relationship, anticipated accountability significantly increased the rate of benefit to the other, suggesting egoistic motivation to gain socially mediated self-benefits. But when a prior relationship existed, benefit to the other was as likely when accountability was not anticipated as when it was, suggesting altruistic motivation to increase the other's welfare. (39 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cherenkov and Scintillation Light Measurements with Scintillating Glass, SCG1C

We have been able to observe and measure both the direct Cherenkov (C) and the Scintillation (S) light components from scintillating glass, distinctly separated in time. This has important implications for hadron calorimetry, electron/hadron separation and low energy particle identification.     

Anticipatory planning for research participants with psychotic disorders like schizophrenia.

Current and coincident biomedical advances make this an opportune time to encourage research with individuals who have fluctuating periods of incapacity caused by psychotic disorders like schizophrenia. Effecting research with this heterogeneous population who may have impaired decision-making capacity that diminishes their autonomy, while honoring their liberty and safeguarding their well-being, may be difficult to achieve. Federal regulations and guidelines in regard to research with this population are insufficient and cause additional obstacles. Use of research advance directives that allow for the appointment of a surrogate decision maker, the designation of a research monitor, and delineation of specific safeguards for the research participants also may provide protection for investigators and foster and improve community trust in medical research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Risk-taking in games of chance and skill: Informational and affective influences on choice behavior.

Three studies to pinpoint the underlying dynamics related to risk-taking in skilled and chance situations are presented. Study 1 is an attempt to demonstrate that cognitive and motivational theories of risk-taking must be combined to account for individual differences in skilled situations. Here, both informational influences as related to uncertainty orientation (R. M. Sorrentino and J. C. Short, 1986) and affective influences as related to achievement-related motives are examined. In support of these notions, this study found that individual differences in uncertainty orientation and achievement-related motives combine to produce the greatest preference or avoidance of moderate risk (as opposed to low or high) in a skilled situation. Studies 2 and 3 show that the effect for uncertainty orientation generalizes to chance situations. Gender differences were also found to combine or interact with these effects. Taken together, these 3 studies help to clarify many issues remaining in the risk-taking area. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Factor analysis of WISC—R with deaf and hard-of-hearing children.

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised (WISC—R) was factor analyzed on a sample of 368 hard-of-hearing and deaf children (aged 6–16 yrs). Two factors emerged and were labeled Language Comprehension and Visual-Spatial Organization. The factor structure for the hard-of-hearing (n?=?77) and deaf (n?=?291) groups was identical. Deaf children of deaf parents earned significantly higher Verbal IQ and Performance IQ scores than did deaf children of hearing parents. There were no differences in IQ or subtest scores in interpreted vs signed administrations. Implications for assessing the cognitive abilities of hearing-impaired children are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Theoretical design of a novel N×N two-dimensional integratedoptical crosspoint switch architecture

A novel two-dimensional integrated optical (2-DIO) crosspoint switch architecture is proposed for InGaAsP-InP, which is achieved by the use of novel 2-DIO beam splitters. A modal propagation model (MPM) is used to optimize device size, loss and crosstalk and study beam propagation in a 2-DIO slab waveguide. Theoretical results show that a lossless 4×4 2-DIO crosspoint device less than 2×2 mm² in size is predicted to exhibit less than -40 dB crosstalk