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81.
Håkan Warnquist Jonas Kvarnström Patrick Doherty 《Applied Artificial Intelligence》2016,30(3):257-296
This article presents a novel framework for modeling the troubleshooting process for automotive systems such as trucks and buses. We describe how a diagnostic model of the troubleshooting process can be created using event-driven, nonstationary, dynamic Bayesian networks. Exact inference in such a model is in general not practically possible. Therefore, we evaluate different approximate methods for inference based on the Boyen–Koller algorithm. We identify relevant model classes that have particular structure such that inference can be made with linear time complexity. We also show how models created using expert knowledge can be tuned using statistical data. The proposed learning mechanism can use data that is collected from a heterogeneous fleet of modular vehicles that can consist of different components. The proposed framework is evaluated both theoretically and experimentally on an application example of a fuel injection system. 相似文献
82.
Portfolio Management in Double Unknown Situations: Technological Platforms and the Role of Cross‐Application Managers 下载免费PDF全文
Olga Kokshagina Pascal Le Masson Benoit Weil Patrick Cogez 《Creativity & Innovation Management》2016,25(2):270-291
This article investigates portfolio management in double unknown situations. Double unknown refers to a situation in which the level of uncertainty is high and both technology and markets are as yet unknown. This situation can be an opportunity for new discoveries, creation of new performance solutions and giving direction to portfolio structuring. The literature highlights that the double unknown situation is a prerequisite to designing generic technologies that are able to address many existing and emerging markets and create value across a broad range of applications. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the initial phases of generic technology governance and associated portfolio structuring in multi‐project firms. We studied three empirical contexts of portfolio structuring at the European semiconductor provider STMicroelectronics. The results demonstrate that (1) portfolio management for generic technologies is highly transversal and comprises creating both modules to address market complementarities and the core element of a technological system – the platform, and (2) the design of generic technologies requires ‘cross‐application’ managers who are able to supervise the interactions among innovative concepts developed in different business and research groups and who are responsible for structuring and managing technological and marketing exploration portfolios within the organizational structures of a company. 相似文献
83.
Diego Dermeval Jéssyka Vilela Ig Ibert Bittencourt Jaelson Castro Seiji Isotani Patrick Brito Alan Silva 《Requirements Engineering》2016,21(4):405-437
There is an increase use of ontology-driven approaches to support requirements engineering (RE) activities, such as elicitation, analysis, specification, validation and management of requirements. However, the RE community still lacks a comprehensive understanding of how ontologies are used in RE process. Thus, the main objective of this work is to investigate and better understand how ontologies support RE as well as identify to what extent they have been applied to this field. In order to meet our goal, we conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify the primary studies on the use of ontologies in RE, following a predefined review protocol. We then identified the main RE phases addressed, the requirements modelling styles that have been used in conjunction with ontologies, the types of requirements that have been supported by the use of ontologies and the ontology languages that have been adopted. We also examined the types of contributions reported and looked for evidences of the benefits of ontology-driven RE. In summary, the main findings of this work are: (1) there are empirical evidences of the benefits of using ontologies in RE activities both in industry and academy, specially for reducing ambiguity, inconsistency and incompleteness of requirements; (2) the majority of studies only partially address the RE process; (3) there is a great diversity of RE modelling styles supported by ontologies; (4) most studies addressed only functional requirements; (5) several studies describe the use/development of tools to support different types of ontology-driven RE approaches; (6) about half of the studies followed W3C recommendations on ontology-related languages; and (7) a great variety of RE ontologies were identified; nevertheless, none of them has been broadly adopted by the community. Finally, we conclude this work by showing several promising research opportunities that are quite important and interesting but underexplored in current research and practice. 相似文献
84.
Distributed boundary coverage with a team of networked miniature robots using a robust market-based algorithm 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Patrick Amstutz Nikolaus Correll Alcherio Martinoli 《Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence》2008,52(2-4):307-333
We study distributed boundary coverage of known environments using a team of miniature robots. Distributed boundary coverage is an instance of the multi-robot task-allocation problem and has applications in inspection, cleaning, and painting among others. The proposed algorithm is robust to sensor and actuator noise, failure of individual robots, and communication loss. We use a market-based algorithm with known lower bounds on the performance to allocate the environmental objects of interest among the team of robots. The coverage time for systems subject to sensor and actuator noise is significantly shortended by on-line task re-allocation. The complexity and convergence properties of the algorithm are formally analyzed. The system performance is systematically analyzed at two different microscopic modeling levels, using agent-based, discrete-event and module-based, realistic simulators. Finally, results obtained in simulation are validated using a team of Alice miniature robots involved in a distributed inspection case study. 相似文献
85.
Degener P Schnabel R Schwartz C Klein R 《IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics》2008,14(6):1452-1458
In this work we develop a new alternative to conventional maps for visualization of relatively short paths as they are frequently encountered in hotels, resorts or museums. Our approach is based on a warped rendering of a 3D model of the environment such that the visualized path appears to be straight even though it may contain several junctions. This has the advantage that the beholder of the image gains a realistic impression of the surroundings along the way which makes it easy to retrace the route in practice. We give an intuitive method for generation of such images and present results from user studies undertaken to evaluate the benefit of the warped images for orientation in unknown environments. 相似文献
86.
Inside the adaptive enterprise: an information technology capabilities perspective on business process agility 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Paul Patrick Tallon 《Information Technology and Management》2008,9(1):21-36
Recent innovations in utility computing, web services, and service-oriented architectures, combined with a growing array of
IT skills, have improved firms’ ability to be more agile in responding to change. Using the resource-based view of the firm,
prior research suggests that IT resources, in isolation, are unlikely to yield superior performance and so as firms try to
boost their agility, the question becomes how to configure IT resources to prepare for, or react to, change. In this paper,
we posit that managerial IT capabilities based on IT-business partnerships, strategic planning, and ex-post IT project analysis
lead to the development of technical IT capabilities associated with a flexible IT infrastructure which in turn drives agility
or a firm’s ability to react to change in its products and markets. Using data from matched surveys of IT and business executives
in 241 firms, we find that managerial and technical capabilities affect agility. In further testing, we reveal that in a stable
setting, technical IT capabilities are more important to agility than managerial IT capabilities, while in a dynamic setting,
the opposite is true. Thus, for firms operating in volatile markets, effective models of managerial IT governance are essential
for delivering superior agility or adaptiveness.
相似文献
Paul Patrick TallonEmail: |
87.
Herbert Van de Sompel Ryan Chute Patrick Hochstenbach 《International Journal on Digital Libraries》2008,9(2):83-100
The need to federate repositories emerges in two distinctive scenarios. In one scenario, scalability-related problems in the
operation of a repository reach a point beyond which continued service requires parallelization and hence federation of the
repository infrastructure. In the other scenario, multiple distributed repositories manage collections of interest to certain
communities or applications, and federation is an approach to present a unified perspective across these repositories. The
high-level, 3-Tier aDORe federation architecture can be used as a guideline to federate repositories in both cases. This paper
describes the architecture, consisting of core interfaces for federated repositories in Tier-1, two shared infrastructure
components in Tier-2, and a single-point of access to the federation in Tier-3. The paper also illustrates two large-scale
deployments of the aDORe federation architecture: the aDORe Archive repository (over 100,000,000 digital objects) at the Los
Alamos National Laboratory and the Ghent University Image Repository federation (multiple terabytes of image files). 相似文献
88.
Johan Montagnat Ákos Frohner Daniel Jouvenot Christophe Pera Peter Kunszt Birger Koblitz Nuno Santos Charles Loomis Romain Texier Diane Lingrand Patrick Guio Ricardo Brito Da Rocha Antonio Sobreira de Almeida Zoltán Farkas 《Journal of Grid Computing》2008,6(1):45-59
The medical community is producing and manipulating a tremendous volume of digital data for which computerized archiving,
processing and analysis is needed. Grid infrastructures are promising for dealing with challenges arising in computerized
medicine but the manipulation of medical data on such infrastructures faces both the problem of interconnecting medical information
systems to Grid middlewares and of preserving patients’ privacy in a wide and distributed multi-user system. These constraints
are often limiting the use of Grids for manipulating sensitive medical data. This paper describes our design of a medical
data management system taking advantage of the advanced gLite data management services, developed in the context of the EGEE
project, to fulfill the stringent needs of the medical community. It ensures medical data protection through strict data access
control, anonymization and encryption. The multi-level access control provides the flexibility needed for implementing complex
medical use-cases. Data anonymization prevents the exposure of most sensitive data to unauthorized users, and data encryption
guarantees data protection even when it is stored at remote sites. Moreover, the developed prototype provides a Grid storage
resource manager (SRM) interface to standard medical DICOM servers thereby enabling transparent access to medical data without
interfering with medical practice. 相似文献
89.
Lamarque M Tastet C Poncet J Demettre E Jouin P Vial H Dubremetz JF 《Proteomics. Clinical applications》2008,2(9):1361-1374
The Plasmodium falciparum food vacuole (FV) is a lysosome-like organelle where erythrocyte hemoglobin digestion occurs. It is a favorite target in the development of antimalarials. We have used a tandem mass spectrometry approach to investigate the proteome of an FV-enriched fraction and identified 116 proteins. The electron microscopy analysis and the Western blot data showed that the major component of the fraction was the FV and, as expected, the majority of previously known FV markers were recovered. Of particular interest, several proteins involved in vesicle-mediated trafficking were identified, which are likely to play a key role in FV biogenesis and/or FV protein trafficking. Recovery of parasite surface proteins lends support to the cytostomal pathway of hemoglobin ingestion as a FV trafficking route. We have identified 32 proteins described as hypothetical in the databases. This insight into FV protein content provides new clues towards understanding the biological function of this organelle in P. falciparum. 相似文献
90.
Boulanger J Kervrann C Bouthemy P 《IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence》2007,29(6):1096-1102
We present a novel space-time patch-based method for image sequence restoration. We propose an adaptive statistical estimation framework based on the local analysis of the bias-variance trade-off. At each pixel, the space-time neighborhood is adapted to improve the performance of the proposed patch-based estimator. The proposed method is unsupervised and requires no motion estimation. Nevertheless, it can also be combined with motion estimation to cope with very large displacements due to camera motion. Experiments show that this method is able to drastically improve the quality of highly corrupted image sequences. Quantitative evaluations on standard artificially noise-corrupted image sequences demonstrate that our method outperforms other recent competitive methods. We also report convincing results on real noisy image sequences 相似文献