从结构主义到想象艺术

正家具最早出现在人类生活中时,是作为提高生活效率的"器具"使用的,它具备基础的功能性,外型和整体架构都十分简单。随着人类社会的不断演变,家具的存在早已被附上一层又一层的定义,设计师们的想象力通过家具的外型得以展现;而它的内部结构,成为展示制造工艺的最好平台;它的质感与视觉效果,通过材料的异同展现出不一样的姿态。荷兰设计师Oato所设计的Stuck Chair映射了工     

Calculating indoor natural illuminance in overcast sky conditions

The work shows how natural illuminance values inside buildings depend on the calculation method of the sky luminance distribution implemented in the computer code which, for a room of fixed geometry and characteristics, transforms the outdoor meteorological data into indoor illuminance data.     

Cleanability of Surfaces from Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Surrogate Riboflavin by Falling Film

Falling films in wash down process are of major interest for pharmaceutical isolators, which are used for processing of highly potent pharmaceutical products. In this study multiple process parameters were examined with common materials of isolator systems. The importance of material and surface finish in respect of cleanability and complete wetting as well as a combination of process parameters are presented and discussed. For cleaning validation an effect of high interest was discovered: swab sampling areas changed their properties over many repeated cycles and showed decreased cleanability.     

Patulin in apple-based foods: occurrence and safety evaluation

Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by certain species of Penicillium and Aspergillus, often detectable in mouldy fruits and their derivatives. On the basis of a PMTDI of 0.4 mu g/kg bw, limit values of 50 mu g/kg or 50 mu g/l of patulin have been set in fruit derivatives. To estimate the quantity of patulin that can be taken in with the diet, we analysed by HPL C samples of apples and apple derivatives which are most likely to be contaminated with patulin. In apple juices and in homogenized babyfoods, the mycotoxin concentration was always below the established limits, while in some samples of juice with pulp the mycotoxin content exceeded the safe levels. In rotten apples, not only was the amount of patulin extraordinarily high in the rotten area, but the mycotoxin had also spread to the part unaffected by mould. The data presented in this study indicate that the intake of patulin with apple derivatives is usually below the tolerable level of 0.4 mu g/kg bw/day, but since the patulin content in apples can vary considerably, the quality of fruits used in the production of apple derivatives should be strictly controlled in order not to exceed the safe limits.     

Mycotoxins produced by Fusarium genus in maize: determination by screening and confirmatory methods based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

A confirmatory method for fusariotoxin analysis in maize meal, based on liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS), was developed, and compared with a previously published screening method, based on the same technique. By eluting selectively from a Carbograph-4 clean-up cartridge trichothecenes, fumonisins and macrocyclic lactones, and optimizing LC–MS/MS conditions for every chemical class, a sensitive and reliable determination was performed. Method quantification limits for confirmatory and screening methods were in the range 0.001–0.019 mg/kg and 0.003–0.125 mg/kg, respectively.     

Xylitol crystallization from culture media fermented by yeasts

Among sugar substitutes, an important role is played by xylitol, an aliphatic pentitol provided with some interesting properties which make it a high value product for pharmaceutical, odontological and food industries. Its production by biotechnological methods is based on fermentation of agro-industrial residues and could potentially compete with the traditional chemical way. However, crystallization is an important stage of xylitol production, since in many respects it determines the yield and quality of the target product. In the present work tests were made in order to determine the best conditions to clarify fermented media, which were then subjected to isothermal crystallization in the presence or in the absence of residual xylose and varying xylitol concentration as well as cooling temperature (−10 ≤ T_c ≤ 15 °C). Besides, the kinetics of xylitol crystallization from fermented solutions was investigated as function of the initial solution supersaturation and cooling temperature. The effect of the presence of residual xylose on the rate of crystallization was also evaluated. The best clarifying treatment was found to be 20 g l⁻¹ activated charcoal at room temperature for 1 h. The study of xylitol crystallization revealed the positive effect of the presence of residual xylose, which ensured a 1.6-fold increase in the crystallization yield (from 0.27 to 0.42).     

10 GHz hybrid modelocking of monolithic InGaAs quantum dot lasers

Hybrid modelocking of monolithic quantum dot lasers is reported for the first time. A marked performance improvement over passive modelocking is demonstrated. Both hybrid and passive modelocking at /spl sim/10 GHz are achieved for the first time in quantum dot lasers.     

Experimental testing of correlations to calculate the atmospheric “transparency window” emissivity coefficient

An experimental verification of the correlations existing in literature for the calculation of the coefficient of emissivity inside the atmospheric transparency window, situated in the wavelength band 8–14 μm, has been performed. In addition, the authors propose a new correlation for the calculation of the coefficient ε_in, easily applicable since it presupposes the knowledge of the global emissivity of the sky, for which there are a lot of correlations in literature.