从供应链角度谈包装市场的发展趋势

在谈到商品包装装潢市场的发展趋势时,有必要先分析一下整个供应链.从根本上讲,推动整个供应链发展的是消费者.CPG(综合性消费品)公司将会影响消费者的选择,而消费者的这些选择对整个供应链会产生很大的波动性影响,使供应链的各个环节都发生动态变化.另外,由于技术、需求、生产力和交货期等因素的影响,也会使整个供应链发生一些折衷性的变化.     

Acoustic study of nano-crystal embedded PbO-P2O5 glass

Nano-crystal embedded PbO-P₂O₅ glass has been prepared and characterized by XRD and TEM measurements. The ultrasonic velocity and attenuation measured within the temperature range 80–300 K show significant structure and interesting feature with the presence of nano-crystalline region. The glass samples were prepared by melt-quench method and nano-crystals of different sizes were produced by heat treatment of the glasses for different durations of heating. All the processes were carried out at or above glass transition temperature. A theoretical model that takes account of the effects of thermally activated relaxation, anharmonicity as well as microscopic elastic inhomogeneities arising out of fluctuations has been successfully applied to interpret the variation of ultrasonic velocity and attenuation data. An interesting outcome of this application has been to propose a method for the determination of the size of nano-crystals from the ultrasonic attenuation data.     

Behavioral medicine: St. Louis style.

Describes a unique multidisciplinary division in which 8 clinical programs are all administered by psychologists working in a university medical center setting. The increasingly complex environment of a university medical center is discussed in terms of academic mission, competitiveness of health care, and professional roles. The development of this division is reviewed in relation to a number of critical issues, such as organizational structure, academic vs clinical demands, business operations, and 1 version of a scientist–practitioner model in practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On the optimum design of unitary cyclic group space-time codes

In this letter, based on the exact pairwise-error probability, we derive the union bound on the symbol-error probability (SEP) of the differential unitary space-time (DUST) modulation employing group codes. Instead of using the rank-and-determinant or Euclidean distance criteria, we optimize the cyclic group codes such that the union bound on the SEP is minimized for a predetermined scenario, taking into account the number of transmit and receive antennas and the operating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Our simulation results show that for a wide range of SNRs, the codes with the minimum union bound for a particular SNR outperform the codes designed based on rank-and-determinant or Euclidean distance criteria.     

What is being masked in object substitution masking?

Object substitution masking (OSM) is said to occur when a perceptual object is hypothesized that is mismatched by subsequent sensory evidence, leading to a new hypothesized object being substituted for the first. For example, when a brief target is accompanied by a longer lasting display of nonoverlapping mask elements, reporting of target features may be impaired. J. T. Enns and V. Di Lollo (2000) considered it an outstanding question whether OSM masks some or all aspects of a target. The authors report three experiments demonstrating that OSM can selectively affect target features. Participants may be able to detect a target while being unable to report other aspects of it or to report the color but not the orientation of a target (or vice versa). We discuss these findings in relation to two other visual phenomena. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A possible structure of the casein micelle based on high-resolution field-emission scanning electron microscopy

New electron micrographs, produced using the technique of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, showing the details of the micellar surface, are presented. The images show the micellar surfaces without any coating, and suggest that the surface of the micelle may have a much more complex structure than has previously been demonstrated. Although there appear to be no spherical subunits (submicelles), there is evidence for the organization of the caseins into tubular structures within the micelle. The surface is not smooth, and contains gaps between the substructures. The observations are discussed in terms of published models of micellar structure, where is it suggested how the depiction of the micellar surface can be used to explain certain factors of its reactivity and behaviour.     

A Working Memory Workout: How to Expand the Focus of Serial Attention From One to Four Items in 10 Hours or Less.

Five individuals participated in an extensive practice study (10 1-hr sessions, 11,000 trials total) on a self-paced identity-judgment n-back task (n ranging from 1 to 5). Within Session 1, response time increased abruptly by about 300 ms in passing from n = 1 to n > 1, suggesting that the focus of attention can accommodate only a single item (H. Caravan, 1998; B. McElree, 2001). Within Session 10, response time was dramatically reduced and increased linearly with n for n ≤ 4, with a slope of about 30 ms. The data suggest that working memory consists of a focus of attention governed by a limited-capacity search, expandable through practice, and a content-addressable region outside the focus of attention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Nonparametric Analysis of the Order-Statistic Model in Software Reliability

In the literature on statistical inference in software reliability, the assumptions of parametric models and random sampling of bugs have been pervasive. We argue that both assumptions are problematic, the first because of robustness concerns and the second due to logical and practical difficulties. These considerations motivate the approach taken in this paper. We propose a nonparametric software reliability model based on the order-statistic paradigm. The objective of the work is to estimate, from data on discovery times observed within a type I censoring framework, both the underlying distribution F from which discovery times are generated and N, the unknown number of bugs in the software. The estimates are used to predict the next time to failure. The approach makes use of Bayesian nonparametric inference methods, in particular, the beta-Stacy process. The proposed methodology is illustrated on both real and simulated data