Producing the Capacity to Govern in Global Sydney: A Multiscaled Account

Abstract Critiques of urban regime theory suggest the need for a more nuanced approach to the tangled scalar geographies that constitute urban governance. This article moves towards such an approach by adopting urban regime theory's focus on urban politics but conducts its analyses through a multiscalar lens. It demonstrates how processes operating across multiple scales intersect in the production of local governance. The article focuses on the social production of urban governance in Sydney, Australia, specifically examining the city's changing scalar context and scale politics. It suggests that scale‐sensitive regime analyses can make important contributions to theoretical development concerning the multiscalar complexities of governance.     

Simple analytical formula for calculating average photon recollision probability in vegetation canopies

The concept of recollision probability originates from the theory of canopy spectral invariants (‘p-theory’) but is a simplification that involves several heuristic assumptions. Nonetheless, the concept has been shown to be a useful tool for incorporating the effects of 3D structure on canopy absorptive and reflective properties in forest reflectance models. A method is presented by which an average value of the canopy recollision probability (pˆ) can be calculated from canopy gap fraction data, which are provided for example by the LAI-2000 plant canopy analyzer or can be extracted from fisheye photographs. The new method was used to calculate the average recollision probabilities (pˆ values) of uniform leaf and shoot canopies, showing good agreement with results from Monte Carlo simulations. Strengths of the method presented here are the explicitly formulated relationship between recollision probability and canopy structure, and its direct applicability in canopy RT studies.     

Can private reports enhance children’s event recall,lower their suggestibility and foster their metacognitive monitoring compared to face-to-face interviews?

In this paper, two studies are presented in which the social demands of an event recall interview situation were manipulated using two different methodologies and by using different dependent measures as indices for children’s event memory, suggestibility and metacognitive monitoring processes. Participants aged 6–10 years were shown a brief video and then questioned about it 2–3 weeks later. Answers to the recall questions were either given privately by whispering into a teddy bear’s ear or publicly in a normal face-to-face interview. Confidence judgments as indicators for metacognitive monitoring were entered into a computer, either with the interviewer having direct knowledge about them, or with the children entering the confidence judgments in privacy. In line with previous research on this topic, although private reports did not produce poorer performance, neither did they improve performance. In both studies there were no effects of the social manipulations on either recall or metacognitive monitoring and also no age-dependent benefits. The results are discussed in terms of the chosen methodologies and in the light of previous studies.     

Book reviews

Summary The review article (with a selected bibliography) annotates, on the basis of Grotjahn'sLinguistische und statistische Methoden in Metrik und Textwissenschaft, some general methodological aspects of statistical methods in the analysis of literary texts and evaluates the attempt in metrical theory, to reconstruct the so-called ‘metrical competence’ with probabilistic evaluated metrical rules in the frame of a generative approach. Leopoldo Sáez-Godoy is a lecturer in Spanish in the Romance Seminar of the University of Bonn, chairman of the Specialist Group for Spanish Texts (ALLC), and member of the bibliography committee of this journal. recently editedFirst Person Female American, an annotated bibliography of autobiographies (Whitston, 1980), and has published articles on SF treatment of computers in government, dystopian uses of IQ testing, and Zamiatin'sWe.     

Service.

Presents a comment upon Arthur H. Brayfield's statement at the Hearings on Counseling on the Public Employment Service before the House Select Subcommittee on Labor (see record 1965-08213-001). The author is in hearty agreement with some of Brayfield's points with respect especially to the need for training of counselors and for more and better support of research, however, there are many more factors than these involved if the public employment service is to render the quality of service to which the public is entitled. It is noted that although most state employment services do not recognize it, nevertheless through their counseling, testing, selective placement of the handicapped, test development, occupational research, and industry services activities, they are in fact rendering psychological services on an enormous scale to a public which consists not only of applicants for work but also of employers individually and in association, unions, schools, and other community agencies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sex and worker acceptance of a former mental patient.

Continues a series of studies measuring the acceptance accorded to former mental patients. The procedure was to send a confederate in the guise of a job applicant to be evaluated by a worker already on the job. The 12 male workers were told either that the female applicant was an ex-mental patient or that she was an ordinary applicant, and for each condition the confederate was calm for half of the Ss and nervous for the rest. The studies show that women are more accepting of former patients than men and that men are more accepting of female than male ex-patients. Nervous applicants were rejected by workers of both sexes. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Evidence of a non-dimensional parameter controlling the flooding of PEMFC stack

Water management is a key issue to get satisfactory and stable Polymer exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performances. The work reported in the present paper focuses on the determination of the operational conditions when using PEMFC stack working with ambient air without extra humidification. The objectives are to reduce as much as possible the auxiliaries consumptions. As far as the reaction air blower is concerned, the specific goal of the present tests is to find the minimum air flow rate to feed the PEMFC stack in order to prevent flooding. Our particular interest concerns the control of a PEMFC stack to power a prototype vehicle for the Shell Eco Marathon race.     

Conceptual and perceptual implicit memory in Huntington's disease.

The aims of this study were to examine and compare perceptual and conceptual implicit memory (CIM) in Huntington's disease (HD) and to characterize the relationship between tests of frontal lobe functioning and CIM. Sixteen HD patients and 16 normal controls completed structurally parallel tests of perceptual implicit memory and CIM (i.e., rhyme and category exemplar generation), tests of explicit memory, and verbal fluency. HID patients showed intact implicit memory for both rhyme and category exemplars, despite evidence of frontal dysfunction on other tests. An unexpected finding was that patients showed a deficit in cued rhyme generation that correlated with severity of neurological impairment. The authors replicated findings in controls of a correlation between letter fluency and CIM but found no relationship in patients. Frontal dysfunction in HID may lessen the influence of generative strategies on tests of CIM without compromising performance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Neuroinflammation and Precision Medicine in Pediatric Neurocritical Care: Multi-Modal Monitoring of Immunometabolic Dysfunction

The understanding of molecular biology in neurocritical care (NCC) is expanding rapidly and recognizing the important contribution of neuroinflammation, specifically changes in immunometabolism, towards pathological disease processes encountered across all illnesses in the NCC. Additionally, the importance of individualized inflammatory responses has been emphasized, acknowledging that not all individuals have the same mechanisms contributing towards their presentation. By understanding cellular processes that drive disease, we can make better personalized therapy decisions to improve patient outcomes. While the understanding of these cellular processes is evolving, the ability to measure such cellular responses at bedside to make acute care decisions is lacking. In this overview, we review cellular mechanisms involved in pathological neuroinflammation with a focus on immunometabolic dysfunction and review non-invasive bedside tools that have the potential to measure indirect and direct markers of shifts in cellular metabolism related to neuroinflammation. These tools include near-infrared spectroscopy, transcranial doppler, elastography, electroencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, and cytokine analysis. Additionally, we review the importance of genetic testing in providing information about unique metabolic profiles to guide individualized interpretation of bedside data. Together in tandem, these modalities have the potential to provide real time information and guide more informed treatment decisions.