Ultra performance liquid chromatographic profiling of serum N-glycans for fast and efficient identification of cancer associated alterations in glycosylation

Glycosylation is a diverse but critically important post-translational modification that modulates the physical, chemical and biological properties of proteins. Alterations in glycosylation have been noted in a number of diseases including cancer. The discovery of alterations in the glycosylation of serum glycoproteins which may offer potential as biomarkers is attracting considerable research interest. In the current study, the significant improvements in efficiency, selectivity, and analysis speed offered by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) profiling of fluorescently labeled N-linked oligosaccharides on a recently introduced sub-2 μm hydrophilic interaction (HILIC) based stationary phase are demonstrated to identify cancer associated alterations in the serum N-glycome of patients bearing stomach adenocarcinoma. The contribution of the glycosylation present on four highly abundant serum proteins namely, IgG, haptoglobin, transferrin, and α1-acid glycoprotein was evaluated. Alterations in the glycosylation present on these four proteins isolated from the pathologically staged cancer serum using either affinity purification or two-dimensional electrophoresis were then investigated as possible markers for stomach cancer progression. In agreement with previous reports, an increase in sialylation was observed on haptoglobin, transferrin, and α1-acid glycoprotein in the cancerous state. Increased levels of core fucosylated biantennary glycans and decreased levels of monogalactosylated core fucosylated biantennary glycans were present on IgG with increasing disease progression. The speed and selectivity offered by the sub-2 μm HILIC phase make it ideal for rapid yet highly efficient separation of complex oligosaccharide mixtures such as that present in the serum N-glycome.     

"Task planning and energy expended: Exploration of how goals influence performance": Correction to Earley et al.

Reports an error in "Task planning and energy expended: Exploration of how goals influence performance" by P. Christopher Earley, Pauline Wojnaroski and William Prest (Journal of Applied Psychology, 1987[Feb], Vol 72[1], 107-114). Table 1 on page 109 appeared with reversed labels for the high and low conditions. The corrected Table 1 is provided in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 1987-17299-001.) Although many studies demonstrate the effectiveness of goal setting in organizations, it is unclear how goals actually influence performance. The present studies examined the effect of assigned goals and task information on performance, energy expended, and task planning or organizing. In Study 1, a 2×2 (Information×Goal) design was used. Subjects were 72 undergraduates working on a business simulation. In Study 2, 129 male and female workers from a service organization and a moving company responded to a survey assessing an individual's goal setting, job training, energy expended during a typical task performance, and task planning undertaken prior to performance. The results of both studies demonstrated that goal setting and task training influenced the dependent variables. In addition to influencing an individual's energy expended (effort and persistence), a specific goal led an individual to plan and organize more than did an individual given a general goal (i.e., "do your best"). The results of both studies suggest that goal setting and task-relevant information influence performance, in part, through their influence on energy expended and planning. (22 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Touch in psychotherapy: A survey of patients' experiences.

Assessed 231 clients' experiences of and attitudes toward physical contact in psychotherapy in order to test and extend P. Gelb's (1982) identification of 4 factors associated with these evaluations: (1) clarity regarding boundaries of therapy, (2) congruence of touch, (3) patient's perception of being in control of the physical contact, and (4) patient's perception that touch is for own benefit rather than the therapist's. The effects of therapeutic alliance and potential for sexual attraction were also assessed. Results supported a positive relationship between the 4 factors and patients' positive evaluations of touch in therapy. Many Ss felt touch fostered a bond, trust, and greater openness with their therapist (69%), or communicated acceptance and enhanced their self esteem (47%). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Integrating individual and family therapy.

Reviews the book, Integrating individual and family therapy by Larry Feldman (see record 1992-97185-000). In this book, Larry Feldman takes the position that integration of individual and family therapy concepts and treatment is not only possible but is therapeutically preferable and more effective than individual or family therapy alone. The author maintains the importance of understanding both the intrapsychic and interpersonal variables that stimulate and reinforce the problems of the individual client. This book makes an important contribution in an area in which knowledge, experience, research and case studies are sparse but needed. His case studies were too brief to provide the detailed knowledge a clinician needs in order to learn his model. Although he presents no real data or rates of success or failure of the integration of these approaches, he has made a good beginning in outlining an important treatment approach and raising the questions needed to further develop such a model. Feldman's ideas are stimulating and will add information to the debate about the separation or the integration of individual and family therapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Organization and expression of the mitochondrial genome in the Nicotiana sylvestris CMSII mutant

Previous analyses suggested that the Nicotiana sylvestris CMSII mutant carried a large deletion in its mitochondrial genome. Here, we show by cosmid mapping that the deletion is 60 kb in length and contains several mitochondrial genes or ORFs, including the complex I nad7 gene. However, due to the presence of large duplications in the progenitor mitochondrial genome, the only unique gene that appears to be deleted is nad7. RNA gel blot data confirm the absence of nad7 expression, strongly suggesting that the molecular basis for the CMSII abnormal phenotype, poor growth and male sterility, is the altered complex I structure. The CMSII mitochondrial genome appears to consist essentially of one of two subgenomes resulting from recombination between direct short repeats. In the progenitor mitochondrial genome both recombination products are detected by PCR and, reciprocally, the parental fragments are detected at the substoichiometric level in the mutant. The CMSII mtDNA organization has been maintained through six sexual generations.     

Attempts to lead, group productivity, and morale under conditions of acceptance and rejection.

The hypothesis being tested by this experiment was that under conditions such that to attempt to lead is to invite rejection, group members with a relatively high need achievement and a relatively low need affiliation would make more frequent attempts to lead than would other members having relatively high affiliation and low achievement needs. 24 four-man groups were set up under controlled laboratory conditions. Although the major hypothesis was not confirmed, it was shown that differences in attempts to lead may be attributed to differences in the experimental conditions to which the groups were subjected, rather than to the major needs specified. 20 references. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Internal residue loss": rearrangements occurring during the fragmentation of carbohydrates derivatized at the reducing terminus

Rearrangement reactions involving migration of fucose and, occasionally, other residues have been found in the CID spectra of [M + H]+ and [M + 2H]2+ ions, but not [M + Na]+ ions, generated from several O-linked carbohydrates and milk sugars derivatized at their reducing termini with aromatic amines such as 2-aminobenzamide. Such rearrangements, which are similar to those reported by other investigators from several underivatized carbohydrates and glycosides, cause an apparent loss of sugar residues from within a carbohydrate chain and can produce ambiguous results during spectral interpretation. A mechanism, involving initial protonation of the amine nitrogen atom of the derivative, is proposed to account for the formation of the observed ions.     

Evaluation of the MODIS LAI algorithm at a coniferous forest site in Finland

Leaf area index (LAI) collected in a needle-leaf forest site near Ruokolahti, Finland, during a field campaign in June 14-21, 2000, was used to validate Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LAI algorithm. The field LAI data was first related to 30-m resolution Enhanced Thermal Mapper Plus (ETM+) images using empirical methods to create a high-resolution LAI map. The analysis of empirical approaches indicates that preliminary segmentation of the image followed by empirical modeling with the resulting patches, was an effective approach to developing an LAI validation surface. Comparison of the aggregated high-resolution LAI map and corresponding MODIS LAI retrievals suggests satisfactory behavior of the MODIS LAI algorithm although variation in MODIS LAI product is higher than expected. The MODIS algorithm, adjusted to high resolution, generally overestimates the LAI due to the influence of the understory vegetation. This indicates the need for improvements in the algorithm. An improved correlation between field measurements and the reduced simple ratio (RSR) suggests that the shortwave infrared (SWIR) band may provide valuable information for needle-leaf forests.     

University Instructors' Acceptance of Electronic Courseware: An Application of the Technology Acceptance Model

This study examines the factors that influence instructors' adoption and use of an Internet-based course management system and tests the applicability of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), introduced by Davis (1986) , in the context of e-learning practices in higher education. Using data from an online survey of a university's instructors ( N = 191), a path analysis revealed that perceived ease of use of the system had a significant impact on perceived usefulness as the TAM suggested. In addition, a direct effect of perceived usefulness on behavioral intention to use and an indirect effect of the variable on actual system use, both of which were proposed in the TAM, were also found. Further, motivation to use the system played a significant role in affecting perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, evaluation of functions, current system use, and behavioral intention to keep using the system. This study suggests that integration of the TAM and the uses and gratification approach can be fruitful for future research on the diffusion of Internet-based technological systems.     

Collaborative law: A new paradigm for divorce lawyers.

Collaborative law arose as a response to the harms of family law litigation and the limitations of family mediation. It consists of lawyers and clients working exclusively toward settlement. The lawyers and neutral experts are disqualified if the parties should litigate. Lawyers behave and think quite differently in collaborative law. To do it well requires new skills and knowledge not learned in conventional practice. Performed well, collaborative law can have a transformative effect on lawyers, clients, families, and communities. It has healing effects that distinguish it from adversarial practice and bring it within the compass of therapeutic jurisprudence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)