Lubna Shahzadi  Fernando Maya  Michael C. Breadmore  Stuart C. Thickett 《大分子材料与工程》2023,308(4):2200497

A new 3D printable resin formulation is developed and optimized from commercially available thiol (pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate); PETMP) and alkyne (3-butyn-1-ol; BA) monomers. Printed objects are characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The extraction efficiency of the printed thiol-yne device is then investigated using a model dye – malachite green (MG). The results displayed excellent dye removal efficiency with > 95% MG removed within 5 min. The 3D-printed devices are reusable and show 100% removal over six cycles after washing with deionized water and methanol. The presence of surface hydroxyl groups derived from the BA monomer is shown to enhance dye adsorption in comparison to control materials. The printing procedure and resin formulation are robust and consistent when devices from different resin batches are compared for MG dye removal. The thiol-yne 3D printed devices demonstrated excellent dye removal (> 99%) from water samples collected from a tap and a nearby river source. The successful development of this resin provides a new thiol-yne-based resin system for stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing for the removal of organic dyes from wastewater and presents a potential for broad applications in water treatment.  相似文献   

    

Ricardo Ferreira Vilela  João Choma Neto  Victor Hugo Santiago Costa Pinto  Paulo Sérgio Lopes de Souza  Simone do Rocio Senger de Souza 《Concurrency and Computation》2023,35(2):e7489

Concurrent programming is increasingly present in modern applications. Although it provides higher performance and better use of available resources, the mechanisms of interaction between processes/threads result in a greater challenge for software testing activity. The nondeterminism present in those applications is one of the main issues during the test activity since the same test input can produce different possible execution paths, which may or not contain defects. The test data automatic generation can alleviate this problem, ensuring higher speed and reliability in software testing activity. This paper explores the automatic test data generation for concurrent programs through Genetic Algorithm, a bioinspired optimization technique, and proposes a test data generation approach for concurrent programs, called BioConcST, and a new operator for the selection of test subjects, called FuzzyST, which uses fuzzy logic. The approaches were evaluated in an experimental study towards their validation. The results showed that BioConcST is more promising than the other approaches at all analyzed levels. FuzzyST, together with Elitism and Tournament operators, provided the best results; however, it proved more suitable for concurrent programs of higher complexity.  相似文献   

    

Paulo V. G. Farias  Tulio A. Lima  Jacir L. Bordim 《Concurrency and Computation》2023,35(11):e6034

In a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) each node is required to transmit periodic and event-driven messages. The periodic messages are also known as beacons and consist of the basic vehicle status, such as position, speed, direction, and any additional information required by a safety application. One of the main concerns faced with this technology is channel congestion, which often happens in scenarios with a high vehicular density like traffic jams. When the channel is congested, there are no guarantees for a reliable message delivery. For this purpose, several protocols have been proposed to resolve this issue. In this work we propose neighbor congestion avoidance protocol (NCAP) as a novel solution employing a proactive strategy with vehicle position prediction using Kalman filter and an efficient event-driven message delivery scheme. When compared with other strategies in congested scenarios, NCAP was able to significantly decrease the number of beacons by 49%, while also reducing the number of event-driven message retransmissions by approximately 81%. NCAP also presented better performance in regard to the number of collisions between messages and channel busy ratio.  相似文献   

    

Wang  Zihao  He  Renke  Rebelo  Francisco  Vilar  Elisângela  Noriega  Paulo 《Virtual Reality》2023,27(2):1039-1050

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Faezeh Pasandideh  João Paulo J. da Costa  Rafael Kunst  Wibowo Hardjawana  Edison Pignaton de Freitas 《野外机器人技术杂志》2023,40(4):955-979

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, communicate, collaborate, and form flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) to perform many different missions, ranging from delivery tasks to agriculture applications. Recently, FANETs have been integrated with different technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality, and Internet of Things. Such new avenues for the use of UAVs directly impact the research on FANETs and cause some major challenges, such as security and physical layer issues, resource management, and UAV positioning issues that need to be addressed. Several researchers have been working for the last few years to propose AI and machine learning (ML)-based solutions for different use cases in UAV-based networks. They present the limitations of the existing research work and highlight some possible future works on FANETs. However, exhibiting the trends in the UAV research papers in a quantitative manner is still required to motivate researchers to rethink the research on FANETs. Therefore, this study covers more than 170 scientific publications extracted from five trusted academic databases published from 2013 to 2021 to provide a thorough overview of the main research and development statistics in the area of FANETs, the open challenges existing in this area and the ML-based solutions to solve these challenges. In addition, the investigation of emerging technologies integrated with FANETs, as well as the simulation tools employed for evaluating FANETs' performance are discussed. Moreover, the future research directions in the area of FANETs are considered within a prospective vision discussion.  相似文献   

    

Martínez-Santiago  Fernando  Torres-García  Alejandro A.  Montejo-Ráez  Arturo  Gutiérrez-Palma  Nicolás 《Universal Access in the Information Society》2023,22(1):51-67

Given an information need and the corresponding set of documents retrieved, it is known that user assessments for such documents differ from one user to another. One frequent reason that is put forward is the discordance between text complexity and user reading fluency. We explore this relationship from three different dimensions: quantitative features, subjective-assessed difficulty, and reader/text factors. In order to evaluate quantitative features, we wondered whether it is possible to find differences between documents that are evaluated by the user and those that are ignored according to the complexity of the document. Secondly, a task related to the evaluation of the relevance of short texts is proposed. For this end, users evaluated the relevance of these short texts by answering 20 queries. Documents complexity and relevance assessments were done previously by some human experts. Then, the relationship between participants assessments, experts assessments and document complexity is studied. Finally, a third experimentation was performed under the prism of neuro-Information Retrieval: while the participants were monitored with an electroencephalogram (EEG) headset, we tried to find a correlation among EEG signal, text difficulty and the level of comprehension of texts being read during the EEG recording. In light of the results obtained, we found some weak evidence showing that users responded to queries according to text complexity and user’s reading fluency. For the second and third group of experiments, we administered a sub-test from the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test to ensure that participants had a roughly average reading fluency. Nevertheless, we think that additional variables should be studied in the future in order to achieve a sound explanation of the interaction between text complexity and user profile.

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Porfirio López-Domínguez  Marlene Ríos-López  Jesús Eduardo Rivera-Peláez  José Fernando Barragán-Aroche  Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima 《加拿大化工杂志》2023,101(9):5179-5188

A mathematical model for polymerization kinetics and molar mass development in the nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) of vinyl monomers in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) has been developed. The method of moments is used for molar mass development. The perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) equation of state is used to estimate the number of stable phases present at equilibrium in the reaction mixture, critical number average chain length at which polymer particles are formed, and monomer concentration in each phase. Pure and binary PC-SAFT interaction parameters are estimated from liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) and liquid–vapour equilibrium (LVE) experimental data at 60 to 129°C. The effect of pressure on monomer conversion and molar mass development in the polymerization of styrene (Sty) using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl (TEMPO) at 120°C and 300–500 bar is studied. It was observed that increasing pressure increases polymerization rate without significantly affecting molar mass development.  相似文献   

    

Frank Riedewald  Ian Povey  Killian Barton  Liam Lewis  Silvia Santos  Maria O'Mahoney  Maria Sousa-Gallagher 《化学，工程师，技术》2023,95(6):944-949

Tantalum is the crucial metal of surface-mounted (SMD) tantalum capacitors. Some 50 % of the tantalum mined is consumed in its manufacture, making waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) an excellent source of secondary tantalum. Yet, its recycling rate is less than 1 %. This paper proposes liberating SMD capacitors from WPCBs by treating them with molten metal or salt. For both processes, the epoxy encapsulation of the capacitors did not disengage from the tantalum core. Furthermore, the molten metal process appears superior to the molten salt one. The tantalum capacitors exit the pyrolysis chamber without salt adhering to them.  相似文献   

    

Marieli Rosseto  Cesar Vinicius Toniciolli Rigueto  Karolynne Sousa Gomes  Daniela Dal Castell Krein  Raquel Aparecida Loss  Aline Dettmer  Neila Silvia Pereira dos Santos Richards 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2024,104(6):3185-3196

In the cheese industry, whey, which is rich in lactose and proteins, is underutilized, causing adverse environmental impacts. The fractionation of its components, typically carried out through filtration membranes, faces operational challenges such as membrane fouling, significant protein loss during the process, and extended operating times. These challenges require attention and specific methods for optimization and to increase efficiency. A promising strategy to enhance industry efficiency and sustainability is the use of enzymatic pre-treatment with the enzyme transglutaminase (TGase). This enzyme plays a crucial role in protein modification, catalyzing covalent cross-links between lysine and glutamine residues, increasing the molecular weight of proteins, facilitating their retention on membranes, and contributing to the improvement of the quality of the final products. The aim of this study is to review the application of the enzyme TGase as a pretreatment in whey protein filtration. The scope involves assessing the enzyme's impact on whey protein properties and its relationship with process performance. It also aims to identify both the optimization of operational parameters and the enhancement of product characteristics. This study demonstrates that the application of TGase leads to improved performance in protein concentration, lactose permeation, and permeate flux rate during the filtration process. It also has the capacity to enhance protein solubility, viscosity, thermal stability, and protein gelation in whey. In this context, it is relevant for enhancing the characteristics of whey, thereby contributing to the production of higher quality final products in the food industry. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

    

Pietro Tiaraju Giavarina dos Santos  Denis Borenstein 《International Transactions in Operational Research》2024,31(1):221-245

This paper addresses the multi-objective maritime cargo routing and scheduling problem, in which the delivery of bulk products from pickup to delivery ports is served by a heterogeneous fleet of vessels. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is formulated to simultaneously minimize total operation costs, the scheduling makespan, and delays in selected deliveries. The model accounts for several real features, such as time windows, capacity of the vessel's compartments, and ports requirements. A fuzzy weighted max–min method was applied to solve the problem. Two heuristics were developed to effectively handle the complex generated MILP models during the solution process. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the optimization approach using real-life instances provided by a fertilizer company. Finally, a case study shows that the developed model and algorithmic framework are flexible and effective in coping with real problems, incorporating specific business rules from different companies.  相似文献