Characterization of catalysts and membrane in DMFC lifetime testing

The lifetime and performance of a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) were investigated to understand the correlation between the structure of catalysts/membrane and cell performance versus time. The cell polarization and performance curves were obtained during the DMFC operation with the time. The catalysts and Nafion^® membrane of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) from the lifetime test were comprehensively examined by XRD, HRTEM, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The results revealed that there was significant performance degradation during the first 200 h operation; while the degradation was slowing down between 200 and 704 h operation. The degradation became worse after 1002 h operation. The increases of the catalyst particle size from both anode and cathode catalysts were observed after the DMFC lifetime test. The changes of microstructure, surface composition, the interfacial structure of the MEA, and the aging of Nafion^® under the DMFC lifetime tests were also observed.     

新型真空耙式干燥机的开发

通过对常规真空耙式干燥机存在问题的剖析，经多年实验研究，研制开发出了高效、节能的新型真空耙式干燥机，并得到了工业生产验证。     

Porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane with highly hydrophobic surface

The preparation of very hydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes was explored by using two methods. The first one was the modified phase inversion method using a water/N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) mixture instead of pure water as a soft precipitation bath. The second method was a precipitation‐bath free method, that is, the PVDF/DMAc casting solution underwent gelation in the open air instead of being immersed into a precipitation bath. The morphology of the surface and cross section of the membranes was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the membranes exhibited certain micro‐ and nanoscale hierarchical roughness on the surface, which brought about an enhanced hydrophobicity of the membrane. The contact angle (CA) of the samples obtained by the second method was as high as 150° with water. The conventional phase inversion method preparing PVDF porous membrane using pure water as precipitation bath usually results in an asymmetric membrane with a dense skin layer having a CA close to that of a smooth PVDF surface. The modified approach avoided the formation of a skin‐layer and resulted in a porous and highly hydrophobic surface of PVDF. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1358–1363, 2005     

Mathematical model of shear rate of polymer melt dynamic extruding through capillary

With superimposing a sine vibration of displacement on the extruding direction of a polymer melt, the characterization formula of the shear rate of a polymer melt within a capillary was set up. By making use of the experimental equipment of a constant velocity type dynamic rheometer of capillary (CVDRC) designed by the authors, the calculating steps of the shear rate of the polymer melt at the wall of the capillary under a vibration force field were established. Through measuring and analyzing the instantaneous data of capillary entry pressure, capillary volume rate, and their phase‐difference under the superimposed vibration, the polymer melt's shear rate at the wall of the capillary can thus be calculated. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 1056–1061, 2005     

Preparation of freestanding and crack-free titania–silica aerogels and their performance for gas phase, photocatalytic oxidation of VOCs

Freestanding and crack-free titania–silica aerogels with high titanium content (i.e., Ti/Si = 1) were successfully prepared by adjusting the hydrolysis of the two alkoxide precursors to a comparable rate during the sol–gel processing. Two titania–silica aerogels were prepared by ethanol and CO₂ supercritical drying methods. Well-dispersed, nanometer-sized anatase crystal domains (ca. 10 nm) were crystallized by high temperature, ethanol supercritical drying. The crystalline domains were solidly anchored to the aerogel network by Ti–O–Si bonds. Titania–silica aerogels prepared by CO₂ supercritical drying method were devoid of TiO₂ crystals. A molecular-level mixing was achieved and anatase TiO₂ was only crystallized with difficulty by high temperature calcination (1073 K). Both aerogels were mesoporous and displayed similar open pore structure that is readily accessible to reactant molecules. However, only the titania–silica aerogel with anatase TiO₂ prepared by ethanol supercritical drying was active for the gas phase, photocatalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds (i.e., isopropanol and trichloroethylene). Catalysts prepared from Degussa P25 TiO₂ displayed lower activity under similar reaction conditions.     

基于EPS格式条形码的图形识别

由于EPS格式为矢量类文件,无分辨率可言,很难利用数字图像处理技术来识别。针对EPS格式条形码识别过程中存在诸如受黑墨扩展因素造成了条码的条和空的比例不符,无法准确识别出正确的条码等问题,提出了一种基于二进制法解析EPS格式条形码,并对其进行识别,判断条码的准确度,这样可以提前检测出EPS格式条码的错误。对不同放大系数的条形码进行分析,从而避免生成胶片和印刷时的误差和浪费。实验结果证明效果显著。     

混凝土现浇箱形拱圈与拱架联合作用研究

混凝土箱型拱桥在无支墩拱式拱架上现浇施工时,采用分环分段的施工方法,可以利用拱圈与拱架的联合作用,减少钢拱架的用钢量,达到节省施工成本的目的.通过大型通用有限元软件MSC.Marc2005的模拟及实桥测试数据的分析,发现先期浇注的混凝土拱环与拱架的联合作用明显,拱圈可承担其自重的43%,即拱架只承担拱圈重量的57%,利用联合作用可节约用钢量达30%.同时提出了一个估算拱架承担拱圈重量的公式,该公式简便实用,并通过两种施工工艺的计算结果验证了该公式的准确性,可用于指导初步设计.     

钛合金流体软管组件的设计与工艺

高功率电子产品的散热需求越来越高,流体软管组件作为热量传输载体的必要部件,其轻量化、可靠性等性能越来越重要。文中提出了一种钛合金流体软管组件的设计方案,并系统研究了该软管组件的制备工艺,最后的可行性,为液冷散热的流体连接提供了一种有效的解决方案。     

基于机器学习模型的河道水位预测

结合已有机器学习模型——卷积神经网络(CNN)和门控循环单元(GRU)的优点,构建了并联卷积循环神经网络(PCNN-GRU)模型,并将其用于赣江下游外洲站日尺度水位变化的预测。结果显示:相较于目前流行的长短时记忆(LSTM)模型、GRU模型以及卷积循环神经网络(CNN-GRU)模型,PCNN-GRU模型的均方根误差和平均绝对误差分别降低了18.39%、21.11%、15.48%和21.31%、18.64%、14.28%,纳什-萨特克里夫效率系数和准确率分别提高至0.999 2和88.12%,表明所建模型具有良好的预测性能,可用于河道水位预测。     

基于点线特征融合的视觉惯性SLAM算法

针对目前视觉SLAM方法鲁棒性差、耗时高,使系统定位不够精确的问题,提出了一种基于点线特征融合的视觉惯性SLAM算法。首先通过短线剔除和近似线段合并策略改进LSD（line segment detection）提取质量,以提高线特征检测的速率和准确度;然后在后端优化中有效融合了点、线和IMU数据,建立最小化目标函数进行优化,得到更精确的相机位姿;最后在EuRoC数据集和现实走廊场景进行了实验验证。实验表明,所提算法可以有效提升线特征提取的质量和速度,同时有效提高了SLAM系统的定位精度,获得更为丰富的点线结构地图。