Dispersion,Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Epoxy Resin Composites Filled with the Nanometer Carbon Black

The nanometer carbon black (CB) was employed to prepare epoxy resin/carbon black (EP/CB) composites by blending-casting method. The different modified methods of silicone coupling agent were used to improve the dispersion of CB in epoxy resin. The mechanical and thermal properties of EP/CB composites were investigated. Experimental results showed that the mechanical properties increased at first, but decreased with excessive addition of CB. When the mass fraction of CB was 2%, the mechanical properties were maximum. The use of modified CB significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the composites. For given CB loading, the CB modified by pretreatment method displayed better dispersion in the epoxy resin than that of the direct mixing method. SEM observation revealed that the tensile fracture surface of the composite filled with 2 wt% modified CB held more microcracks than that of 5 wt% modified CB, and the formed microcracks could consume more energy of rupture, finally to have better tensile strength. DSC analysis showed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the composites increased with the increasing mass fraction of CB.     

基于NSGA-Ⅱ与熵权TOPSIS法的混杂纤维再生混凝土配合比多目标优化

制备以钢纤维(SF)、塑钢纤维(MPPF)为骨料的高性能道面混杂纤维再生混凝土(HFRAC),研究改善再生混凝土(RAC)强度及耐磨性能,采用响应面法(RSM)中Box-Behnken试验设计方法,以SF体积掺量、MPPF体积掺量和砂率为因素,以HFRAC抗折强度、抗压强度和磨损量为评价指标,建立各评价指标的预测模型,分析各因素对评价指标的影响,并构建基于NSGA-Ⅱ耦合熵权TOPSIS法的HFRAC配合比优选模型,确定综合性能最优时的配合比方案。结果表明:在试验范围内各评价指标的响应面模型拟合效果良好,预测精度高;各评价指标不仅受单因素影响,而且受因素间交互作用影响,SF体积掺量与MPPF体积掺量交互作用对抗折强度、抗压强度影响极显著,对磨损量影响显著,MPPF体积掺量与砂率交互作用对抗折强度影响显著;当SF体积掺量为1.39%、MPPF体积掺量为0.97%、砂率为36.10%时,HFRAC综合性能最优。该方法能够实现HFRAC性能的综合改善,可为HFRAC在道路工程中的推广应用提供一定理论依据和技术支撑。     

生物质锅炉NOx控制技术研究进展

我国生物质资源丰富,种类繁多,可直接作为燃料燃烧。随着生物质发电装机容量占比逐年增加,环境保护要求逐年提高,生物质电厂烟气排放控制更加严格。生物质锅炉初始氮氧化物排放波动大,烟气中飞灰碱金属含量高,湿度大,生物质锅炉脱硝技术面临重大挑战。本文在对比分析生物质燃料燃烧和烟气排放特点的基础上,分析了目前广泛应用的传统脱硝技术以及正在不断完善的新型脱硝技术的发展现状和各自优缺点。传统脱硝技术包括低氮燃烧技术、选择性催化还原技术和选择性非催化还原技术,新型脱硝技术包括等离子脱硝技术、臭氧氧化脱硝技术、生物质活性炭脱硫脱硝技术、ZYY干法脱硫脱硝技术、低温氧化吸收协同半干法脱硝技术、液态生物钙脱硝技术和固态高分子脱硝技术等。同时对生物质锅炉脱硝技术存在的技术问题、成本问题和运行周期等进行了讨论。     

离子液体基锂离子电池电解液的应用与性能改进

近年来锂离子电池在动力电池方面被寄予厚望,但安全性是制约其应用的关键之一,而其安全性与电解液性质密切相关。离子液体具有不可燃、不挥发、热稳定性好等优点,可作为电解液以替代传统有机溶剂应用于锂离子电池中。基于现有研究,本文阐述了各类离子液体作为锂离子电池电解液的优异性和不足点,进而综述了各种针对离子液体自身不足采取的性能改进方法,并对该方向的进一步研究进行了展望。     

电位滴定-双氧水氧化法从海带中提取碘

将干海带在碳酸钠溶液中熬煮,滤液酸化并用双氧水氧化,采用电位滴定法控制氧化析碘过程;以低沸点有机溶剂为萃取剂,采用低温减压分离方法,实现有机溶剂和单质碘的分离,得到的碘收率较高（62.5%）,可用差量法称量。探索了滤液pH、双氧水浓度和萃取溶剂对实验结果的影响。分别采用碘量法和分光光度法检验了提取碘的纯度。研究结果表明：滤液pH为2.5～3.5时,用质量分数为2%的双氧水氧化析碘结果比较理想;与二氯甲烷相比,无水乙醚萃取含I₂水溶液效率更高。碘量法和分光光度法测定数据较为吻合,都可以用来测定水溶液的碘含量。     

氟硅密封剂热老化性能研究

以不同三氟丙基含量的端羟基液体氟硅橡胶作为生胶,采用共混法制备氟硅密封剂。以拉伸强度和断裂伸长率为衡量指标,采用单因素试验法探讨了三氟丙基含量、硫化剂和耐热助剂类型等对氟硅密封剂耐热老化性能的影响。结果表明,三氟丙基含量越高,氟硅密封剂的耐热老化性能越差;硫化剂类型对氟硅密封剂的耐热老化性能影响不大;耐热助剂类型对氟硅密封剂的常温力学性能影响不大,但三氧化二铁(Fe2O3)和氧化铈(CeO2)均能明显提高氟硅密封剂的耐热性能。     

Effect of electron beam irradiation on polyacrylonitrile precursor fibers and stabilization process

The electron beam was imposed on the polyacrylonitrile precursor fibers before the fibers were stabilized. The effect of electron beam irradiation on the chemical structure, transverse section, and surface morphology and thermal properties of the fibers in the process of stabilization was characterized by the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and differential scanning calorimeter, respectively. A parameter η = I(C?N)/[I(C?N) + I(C?N)] was defined to evaluate the extent of cyclization in the stabilization process. The kinetic parameters, viz. activation energy (E) and pre‐exponential factor (A) of the stabilization reactions, were calculated by Kissinger method. FTIR analysis indicated that the cyclization of nitrile groups was initiated at room temperature by electron beam irradiation. The transformation of C?N groups to C?N ones was accelerated in the process of stabilization. The extent of cyclization of the stabilized fibers was increased. SEM analysis indicated that irradiation could also decrease the internal and surface defects of the stabilized fibers treated at 300°C. The activation energy of cyclization reaction was reduced from 302 to 280 kJ/mol and 260 kJ/mol through 100 and 200 kGy electron beam irradiation, respectively. The reaction temperature range was expanded, and the exothermic rate was slowed down in the process of stabilization, which was the reason why the stabilized fibers have improved cyclization degree and less internal defects. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

黄河水中2,4-二硝基苯酚在沉积物和水相间的平衡分配

研究了 2 ,4-二硝基苯酚在黄河水中沉积物和水相间的分配行为 ,计算出中性分子和离子形态的分配系数 Kd、Kdi以及总分配系数 Kdo。结果表明 :中性分子的分配系数 Kd以及中性分子和离子形态的总分配系数 Kdo都随 p H的增大而增加。当 p H为 2 .5 5时 ,吸附态分数最大 ,当 p H=p Ka时 ,吸附态分数最小     

栲胶法变换气脱硫工艺

介绍了栲胶法脱硫的原理，工艺流程及规整填料在脱硫塔中的应用。     

油墨用聚酰胺树脂概述

介绍了由二聚酸与二元胺为主要原料生产的聚酰胺树脂用于油墨的条件、国内外情况及发展趋势。