Analysis of porous alkaline Cd-electrodes. I. Anodic high rate transients

Galvanostatic anodic high-rate transients in porous Cd-electrodes are analysed. A one-dimensional electrode model is developed. The model includes effects of variation in electrolyte composition and reaction surface activity. Overpotential transients are computed and compared with experimental transients. Failure in low porosity electrodes with great surface activity is in general caused by the blockage of pores at low rates. At high rates the discharge depth is limited by pure mass-transfer limitations. The reaction activity groupi ₀ S is estimated from the experimental electrodes in conjunction with the model. Transition from pore blockage to pure mass-transfer limitations occurs between 100 and 200 mA cm^?2 for a medium porosity of 0·60.     

Formation of radioactivity size distributions in nuclear bomb debris

A theoretical study has been made of droplet formation in hot vapour gradually cooled under admixture of air containing particles. Spontaneous nucleation, condensation on existing droplets, and coagulation are treated as simultaneous phenomena. Spontaneous nucleation takes place initially, but gives way to condensation on existing droplets. For nuclear ground explosions, site particles are present in the admixed air. Bomb debris is therefore composed of one particle group developed from spontaneous nucleation and another group strongly affected by admixed particles. Only the latter group contains particles large enough to produce close-in fallout. Its radioactivity size distribution is approximately the admixed particle-number size distribution weighted by linear size raised to a power between 1·1 and 1·5.     

Dynamic knowledge nets in a changing building process

Hypotheses and explanation models are put forward about the future global structure, manipulation and transfer of knowledge. The so called Dynamic Knowledge Nets, DKN, are defined and used to explain changes for the next generation of computerized communication and knowledge handling systems. More and more powerful tools become available to model and visualize different parts of our reality. These tools will influence our possibilities to create useful models and will also have a great impact on how these models are integrated and accessed. Behind the interfaces dwell more and more capable integrated knowledge representations which are closely related to pertinent search strategies. It is now possible in a changing building process to create models which bring about a clearer and more obvious connection between the applications, our intentions and the computer stored models. The systems we are formulating today may thus provide us with dramatically better communication tools as communication rooms, personal “telescreens”, and virtual realities. We must formulate and try out new concepts. New tools for building, using and maintaining the next generation systems have been and are continuously created and tested at the KBS-MEDIA LAB (knowledge based systems-media) at Lund University. Examples are given outgoing from ongoing research mainly the Material and Vendor Information and Building Maintenance Systems as well as Decision Support at the Building Site. These systems can shortly be described as multi agent environments with multimedia context dependent user interfaces to underlying facts bases.     

Parental concordance on child rearing and the interactive emphases of parents: Sex-differentiated relationships during the preschool years.

An objective index of parental concordance on child-rearing values was generated in families of 3-year-old children by comparing the independent responses of 70 parent dyads with the set of 91 Child-rearing Practices Report (CRPR) Q-items. The CRPR agreement index was then related to mother–child and father–child structured interaction observed 2 years later in a structured interaction situation. In families of boys, concordance on child rearing was positively associated with parental education. Relations between parental value concordance and parents' interactive emphases were more readily apparent for parents of boys than for parents of girls, with the largest number of correlates obtained in the mother–son dyad. In the sample of boys, converging parental value systems were associated with a maternal interactive style characterized by permissive control strategies, nonauthoritarianism, indirectness of maternal communication, resourcefulness, and by an absence of intrusive and competitive maternal behaviors. In the mother–son dyad, reliable relationships between the CRPR agreement index and maternal interactive behaviors continued to be observed after controlling for mother's education. When the interactive correlates of parental value concordance were compared across the four parent–child dyads, the father–daughter dyad was described as being particularly different from the other three dyads. The implications of these results for the understanding of marriage–parenting relationships as moderated by sex are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Defects and transport properties of metal oxides

The paper gives an overview of different types of defects and defect structures in metal oxides and transport properties such as diffusion and electrical conductivity. Point defects (vacancies, interstitials, impurity and dopant ions, hydrogen ions, a.o.) and corresponding defect structures are described by defect equations and equilibria. Oxides of common use metals and which are of particular interest in many aspects of high-temperature oxidation of metals, e.g., cobalt and nickel oxides, chromia, alumina and silica, are used as examples in describing defect structures and transport properties.     

Effect of Maillard reaction products on carbohydrate utilization—Studies in vitro and in vivo

The effect of Maillard reaction products on the digestion of carbohydrates was studied. Low molecular weight compounds from a glucose—lysine model reaction mixture were weak competitive inhibitors of lactase, invertase, maltase and trehalase in vitro, when tested at concentrations of 5–10 mg/ml. High molecular weight compounds from the reaction mixture were strong inhibitors of the same disaccharidases at considerably lower concentrations (1·4–2·8 mg/ml). However, when fed to growing rats in amounts up to 40 mg, the high molecular weight compounds failed to reduce the uptake of intubated lactose or sucrose. α-Amylase was not at all affected.     

Flexibility of project management

Companies delivering systems facilities such as turnkey plants tend to work in a project-oriented manner that brings out problems in terms of cooperation and coordination of responsibilities, duties and authority. This demands special skills of the project manager. He will serve as an integrator of various specializations rather than as an expert. The administrative tools he will use depend on the size and other characteristics of the project.     

Effects of ethanol intake on lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue of fasting subjects

Ethanol (ca. 1 g/kg body weight) was given alone or together with glucose or lipid (mixed triglycerides) perorally to young, fasting subjects. The changes with time (0–6 hr) of lipoprotein lipase activity (LLA) in adipose tissue, plasma glycerol, triglyceride, insulin, blood glucose, and alcohol concentrations were followed. A maximal mean blood alcohol concentration of 0.09% (w/v) was obtained 1 hr after ingestion with no apparent intoxicating effects. Ethanol intake prevented the previously observed [Nilsson-Ehle, P., S. Carlström and P. Belfrage,Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 35∶373 (1975)] glucose-induced rapid elevation of adipose tissue LLA but had small effects on this enzymatic activity when given alone or together with lipid. Confirming results by others, ethanol intake decreased plasma glycerol concentration and increased plasma triglycerides, especially after intake of lipid. It is suggested that ethanol intake interferes with the normal carbohydrate-induced elevation of adipose tissue LLA after a mixed meal, thereby decreasing the removal capacity for circulating dietary lipid and causing enhanced and prolonged alimentary hyperlipemia.     

A thermodynamic evaluation of the iron - tungsten system

A new evaluation of the Fe-W system has been made using a magnetic multi-sublattice subregular model. A set of parameter values describing the Gibbs energy of each individual phase is given. The treatment of the μ phase is based upon a three-sub-lattice model.     

The analysis of urinary hormonal steroids

A survey is given of current trends in the assay of urinary hormonal steroids. Both group assay methodology and assays for single urinary steroids are reviewed as are semi-automated and automated procedures and high-resolution and high-capacity techniques, as applied to the profile analysis of urinary steroid hormones.