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101.
Management studies highlight the importance of an organization's capability to both exploit existing knowledge and technologies for short-term profits and also explore new knowledge and technologies to enhance long-term innovation. Although this paradox recently has received escalating interest in management research, studies dealing with project-levels and project-based organizations (PBOs) are scarce. This conceptual paper discusses how PBOs in the construction industry can manage the exploration/exploitation paradox at different organizational levels. Short-term project focus and decentralization inhibits learning from one point in time and space to another, making it easier to reap the benefits of exploitation than of exploration. Current structural and sequential separation of exploration and exploitation activities at business unit, project portfolio, and project levels do not solve the paradox, due to lack of integrating mechanisms. Hence, PBOs in the construction industry may suffer from inadequate extent of exploration, while the extent of exploitation is not reaching its potential. Cooperative procurement procedures can serve as a basis for facilitating both exploration and exploitation of knowledge and technologies in construction projects. 相似文献
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Jolanta Lisowiec-Wąchnicka Mathias B. Danielsen Eugenie Abi Nader Per T. Jørgensen Jesper Wengel Anna Pasternak 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2022,23(15):e202200168
We analyzed the effect of modified nucleotides within gapmer antisense oligonucleotides on RNase H mediated gene silencing. Additionally, short hairpins were introduced into antisense oligonucleotides as structural motifs, and their influence on biological and physicochemical properties of pre-structured gapmers was investigated for the first time. The results indicate that two LNA residues in specified positions of the gap flanking regions are sufficient and favorable for efficient knock-down of the β-actin gene. Furthermore, the introduction of other modified nucleotides, i. e. glycyl-amino-LNA−T, 2′-O-propagyluridine, polyamine functionalized uridine, and UNA, in specified positions, also increases the inhibition of β-actin expression. Importantly, the presence of hairpins within the gapmers improves their silencing properties. 相似文献
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The influence of different types of iron salts (i.e., ferrous or ferric cations with sulphate, nitrate or chloride anions) on the reaction between coarse thermomechanical pulp and acid hydrogen peroxide (Fenton chemistry) was studied when the initial pH was 3.2 and 5.3. Also, ferric ions chelated with EDTA or EDG at different molar ratios were compared with ferrous sulphate when the initial pH was extended from about 3 to 8. Different anions of ferric ion salt gave a similar catalytic effect. At an initial pH of 7–8, the ferric-EDTA catalyzed reaction resulted in similar or higher hydrogen peroxide consumption and more detectable hydroxyl radicals than the ferrous sulphate catalyzed reaction, but less reaction with the pulp was indicated. Between pH 5–8, using Fe-EDG as a catalyst gave higher hydrogen peroxide consumption and more detectable hydroxyl radicals than if using ferrous sulphate; however, the measured effect on the pulp was similar or less. 相似文献
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针对氧化沟脱氮除磷过程特点,分析了氧化沟脱氮除磷强化过程,探讨了氧化沟脱氮除磷适宜环境条件,从如下四个方面提出了改善氧化沟脱氮除磷性能的途径和方法:(1)安排合适的曝气器、进水口、出水口、回流口位置,将氧化沟反应区段构建成倒置A2/O脱氮除磷工艺;(2)将氧化沟设计成立面水流循环的形式,尽可能在沟渠内构建一个较严格的厌氧区段;(3)确定适当的供氧量,避免供氧量不足造成氨氮硝化与吸磷不充分;避免供氧过度导致碳源被大量消耗影响反硝化、溶解氧浓度偏高影响厌氧释磷;(4)确定适宜的氧化沟水力工作条件、供氧方式。 相似文献
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X-ray diffraction technique, combined with digital image processing was used to compare the crystallinity of native starch from a number of potato varieties, differing in the degree of phosphorylation. The crystallinity was found to decrease linearily with an increased degree of phosphorylation. Based on earlier observations of the gelatinization enthalpies, it was assumed that the C-6 phosphates, which have an orientation out of the α-helices disturb the crystallization of the amylopectin during the starch synthesis. The C-3 phosphates, which are located in the interior parts of the α-helices, are not believed to interfere with the crystal structure. 相似文献