全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1079篇 |
免费 | 62篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 13篇 |
综合类 | 8篇 |
化学工业 | 399篇 |
金属工艺 | 27篇 |
机械仪表 | 10篇 |
建筑科学 | 56篇 |
矿业工程 | 2篇 |
能源动力 | 13篇 |
轻工业 | 146篇 |
水利工程 | 11篇 |
石油天然气 | 4篇 |
无线电 | 38篇 |
一般工业技术 | 163篇 |
冶金工业 | 63篇 |
原子能技术 | 8篇 |
自动化技术 | 181篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 32篇 |
2021年 | 67篇 |
2020年 | 27篇 |
2019年 | 28篇 |
2018年 | 27篇 |
2017年 | 33篇 |
2016年 | 44篇 |
2015年 | 37篇 |
2014年 | 55篇 |
2013年 | 78篇 |
2012年 | 80篇 |
2011年 | 70篇 |
2010年 | 51篇 |
2009年 | 48篇 |
2008年 | 64篇 |
2007年 | 47篇 |
2006年 | 47篇 |
2005年 | 36篇 |
2004年 | 26篇 |
2003年 | 24篇 |
2002年 | 22篇 |
2001年 | 16篇 |
2000年 | 11篇 |
1999年 | 17篇 |
1998年 | 24篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1142条查询结果,搜索用时 156 毫秒
151.
Siegert P McLeish MJ Baumann M Iding H Kneen MM Kenyon GL Pohl M 《Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS》2005,18(7):345-357
Pyruvate decarboxylase from Zymomonas mobilis (PDC) and benzoylformate decarboxylase from Pseudomonas putida (BFD) are thiamine diphosphate-dependent enzymes that decarboxylate 2-keto acids. Although they share a common homotetrameric structure they have relatively low sequence similarity and different substrate spectra. PDC prefers short aliphatic substrates whereas BFD favours aromatic 2-keto acids. These preferences are also reflected in their carboligation reactions. PDC catalyses the conversion of benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde to (R)-phenylacetylcarbinol and predominantly (S)-acetoin, whereas (R)-benzoin and mainly (S)-2-hydroxypropiophenone are the products of BFD catalysis. Comparison of the X-ray structures of both enzymes identified two residues in each that were likely to be involved in determining substrate specificity. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to interchange these residues in both BFD and PDC. The substrate range and kinetic parameters for the decarboxylation reaction were studied for each variant. The most successful variants, PDCI472A and BFDA460I, catalysed the decarboxylation of benzoylformate and pyruvate, respectively, although both variants now preferred the long-chain aliphatic substrates, 2-ketopentanoic and 2-ketohexanoic acid. With respect to the carboligase activity, PDCI472A proved to be a real chimera between PDC and BFD whereas BFDA460I/F464I provided the most interesting result with an almost complete reversal of the stereochemistry of its 2-hydroxypropiophenone product. 相似文献
152.
Beate Steffen S. Lang D. Hamann Petra Schneider H. K. Cammenga F. Wagner 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》1995,97(4):132-136
Results on the enzymatic monoacylation of glycerol by aid of phenylboronic acid in organic solvents are presented. The comparison of two alternative methods indicates that the ?2-step-method”? (synthesis in one batch unit without isolation of intermediates) is in total more favourable than the ?3-step-method”? (synthesis in two batch units including isolation of intermediates), although yields are somewhat lower. Probably this disadvantage originates from an enzyme inhibition caused by residual free phenylboronic acid in the reaction system. Several varying uncommon fatty acids like (S)-17-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid and 2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid have been used as oleo-components. As far as no steric hindrance is caused by these substrates, product formation is about 80% (basis ?2-step-method”?). Investigations at the Langmuir film balance showed different film states with specific transition phases for the 1(3)-(17-hydroxy)-octadecanoyl and the 1(3)-(12-hydroxy)-octadecanoyl glycerol. The monoglyceride of the 2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid proved to be a good emulsifier. Its qualities in this respect were confirmed by the data of the surface and interfacial tension versus n-hexadecane and also by the outcome of the emulsification tests. The enzymatic acylation of a diol like 1,3-propanediol led to the 1-(17-hydroxy)-octadecanoyl-3-propanol (yield: 50%). The film behaviour of this ester was similar to that of the corresponding monoglyceride. 相似文献
153.
Višnja Katalinić Sonja Smole Možina Danijela Skroza Ivana Generalić Helena Abramovič Mladen Miloš Ivica Ljubenkov Saša Piskernik Ivan Pezo Petra Terpinc Mladen Boban 《Food chemistry》2010
The aim of the present study was to determine polyphenolic composition, related antioxidative and antimicrobial properties of grape skin extracts from 14 grape varieties (seven white and seven red grape) grown in Dalmatia (Croatia). The content of total phenols, flavonoids, catechins, flavanols and individual polyphenols ((+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, procyanidin B1 and procyanidin B2, quercetin glucoside, resveratrol monomers, piceid and astringin) was variety dependent. Antioxidant properties were determined as DPPH radical-scavenging ability (IC50), ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), Fe2+-chelating activity (IC50), and using β-carotene bleaching assay. The high antioxidant capacity of all extracts, both red and white, has been observed and related to the relative amounts of polyphenolic compounds with good antioxidant properties. The antimicrobial activity was screened by broth microdilution test using Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Infantis, Campylobacter coli). It was confirmed against all tested organisms. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), were found in the range 0.014–0.59 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/ml, with lower MICs of white cultivars, especially against Campylobacter and Salmonella. 相似文献
154.
A. V. Shlyakhtina S. N. Savvin A. V. Levchenko A. V. Knotko Petra Fedtke Andreas Busch Torsten Barfels Marion Wienecke L. G. Shcherbakova 《Journal of Electroceramics》2010,24(4):300-307
The electrical conductivity of new solid electrolytes Eu2.096Hf1.904O6.952 and Gd2Hf2O7 have been compared with those for different pyrochlores including titanates and zirconates Ln2+xМ2−xO7−δ (Ln = Sm-Lu; M = Ti, Zr; x = 0−0.81). Impedance spectroscopy data demonstrate that Eu2.096Hf1.904O6.952 and Gd2Hf2O7 synthesized from mechanically activated oxides have high ionic conductivity, comparable to that of their zirconate analogues.
The bulk and grain-boundary components of conductivity in Sm2.096Hf1.904O6.952 (Тsynth = 1600oС), Eu2.096Hf1.904O6.952 and Gd2Hf2O7 (Тsynth = 1670oС) have been determined. The highest bulk conductivity is offered by the disordered pyrochlores prepared at 1600oC
and 1670oC: ~1.5 × 10−4 S/cm for Sm2.096Hf1.904O6.952, 5 × 10−3 S/cm for Eu2.096Hf1.904O6.952 and 3 × 10−3 S/cm for Gd2Hf2O7 at 780oС, respectively. The conductivity of the fluorite-like phases at the phase boundaries of the Ln2+xМ2−xO7−δ (Ln = Eu, Gd; M = Zr, Hf; x ~ 0.286) solid solutions, as well as that of the high-temperature fluorite-like phases Ln2+xМ2−xO7−δ (Ln = Eu, Gd; M = Zr, Hf; x = 0−0.286), is lower than the conductivity of the disordered pyrochlores Ln2+xМ2−xO7−δ (Ln = Eu, Gd; M = Zr, Hf; x = 0−0.096). 相似文献
155.
Matej Mičušík Mária Omastová Igor Krupa Jan Prokeš Polycarpos Pissis Emmanuel Logakis Christos Pandis Petra Pötschke Jürgen Pionteck 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2009,113(4):2536-2551
Polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) were produced by a small‐scale masterbatch melt dilution technique using five PP differing in melt flow index (MFI) and degree of maleination. PP used in a masterbatch has MFI = 12 (PP12), the others used PP which have MFI = 2 or MFI = 8. The state of CNT dispersion as assessed by melt rheological and morphological investigations indicated a better dispersion when using unmodified PP with MFI = 8 (PP8) and the masterbatch's PP12. Electrical conductivity results showed nanotube percolation at contents between 1.1 and 2.0 vol %, whereas lower values were obtained for the matrices with the best dispersion, i.e., PP8 and PP12. The dependencies of the relative Young's modulus on the CNT content showed that the maleinization improved the interfacial interactions between the components, especially in the case of maleated PP with MFI = 8 (PP‐MA8), but the better dispersion was prevented by the incompatibility between polar groups of PP‐MA and the nonpolar origin masterbatch PP12. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009 相似文献
156.
Hydroxyethylmethyl celluloses (HEMC, DS(Me) 1.46-1.66, DS(HE) = 0.14-0.17) have been analyzed with respect to their methyl and hydroxyethyl pattern in the glucosyl units and along the polymer chain. Methyl groups were located by GLC/MS after direct hydrolysis, reduction, and acetylation, and the distribution of hydroxyethyl residues in the glucosyl units could be determined with enhanced sensitivity after permethylation to unify a certain HE pattern occurring in combination with various methyl patterns in a single peak. To get insight into the distribution of Me and HE along the cellulose chain, a method was developed which overcomes the strong discrimination of relative ion intensities caused by hydroxyalkyl groups and enables quantitative determination of the oligomer composition after random degradation for the first time. This comprises perdeuteriomethylation; partial acid hydrolysis; reductive amination with propylamine; and, finally, permethylation to yield completely O- and N-alkylated, permanently charged oligosaccharides. Although the methyl pattern can be determined by electrospray ionization ion-trap mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), as well, only MALDI-TOF-MS produced representative data for a quantitative evaluation of the HE pattern. Distribution of HE groups matches with a random distribution calculated from the monomer composition, whereas the methyl pattern was heterogeneous to a different extent. 相似文献
157.
Rösch P Harz M Peschke KD Ronneberger O Burkhardt H Schüle A Schmauz G Lankers M Hofer S Thiele H Motzkus HW Popp J 《Analytical chemistry》2006,78(7):2163-2170
Fast analysis of bioaerosols in clean room environments is necessary in order to prevent contamination of pharmaceutical products, minimize machine downtimes, or both. The detection and identification of microbes will be carried out in several steps: After impaction of the aerosol on a surface, the particles are presorted with glancing light illumination and fluorescence imaging in order to distinguish between abiotic and biotic particles. Since only the biotic particles are of interest, the analysis time can be minimized due to reduction of the data set. The biotic particles are then analyzed further with Raman spectroscopy and identified with a support vector machine. 相似文献
158.
After discussing general properties of implicit FE analysis using ANSYS and explicit analysis using LS-DYNA it is shown when and how quasi-static limit load analyses can be performed by a transient analysis using explicit time integration. Then we focus on the remaining benefits of implicit analysis and how a proper combination of ANSYS and LS-DYNA can be used to prepare the transient analysis by common preprocessing and static analysis steps. Aspects of discretization, solution control, consideration of imperfections and methods of checking the results are outlined. 相似文献
159.
Stefan Blunder Petra Pavel Deborah Minzaghi Sandrine Dubrac 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(14)
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors expressed in the skin. Three PPAR isotypes, α (NRC1C1), β or δ (NRC1C2) and γ (NRC1C3), have been identified. After activation through ligand binding, PPARs heterodimerize with the 9-cis-retinoic acid receptor (RXR), another nuclear hormone receptor, to bind to specific PPAR-responsive elements in regulatory regions of target genes mainly involved in organogenesis, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, inflammation and metabolism of lipids or carbohydrates. Endogenous PPAR ligands are fatty acids and fatty acid metabolites. In past years, much emphasis has been given to PPARα and γ in skin diseases. PPARβ/δ is the least studied PPAR family member in the skin despite its key role in several important pathways regulating inflammation, keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, metabolism and the oxidative stress response. This review focuses on the role of PPARβ/δ in keratinocytes and its involvement in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Moreover, the relevance of targeting PPARβ/δ to alleviate skin inflammation is discussed. 相似文献
160.
Nanotwin formation and its physical properties and effect on reliability of copper interconnects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Di Xu Vinay Sriram Jenn-Ming Yang Gery R. Stafford Inka Zienert Petra Hofmann 《Microelectronic Engineering》2008,85(10):2155-2158
Ultra-fine grained copper with a large amount of nano-scale twin boundaries has high mechanical strength and maintains normal electrical conductivity. The combination of these properties may lead to promising applications in future Si microelectronic technology, especially as interconnect material for air-gap and free-standing copper technologies. Based on first principles calculations of total energy and in-situ stress measurements, high stress followed by stress relaxation during the Cu film deposition seems to have contributed to nanotwin formation. Nanoindentation studies have shown a larger hardness for copper with a higher nanotwin density. The effect of Cu nanotwin boundaries on grain growth was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The presence of a high density of nanotwin boundaries may improve the reliability of Cu interconnects. 相似文献