Magnetic resonance studies of some antiferromagnetic Gd-monopnictides and Gd-monochalcogenides

We report the results of electron paramagnetic resonance studies of GdX (X=As, Sb, Bi, S, Se). The temperature dependence of the linewidth H and effective g-factorg _eff are discussed. Values for the Néel temperatureT _N are inferred from coincident anomalies in H andg _eff. In the cases of X=S and Se, our estimates ofT _N are significantly lower than theT _N inferred from static susceptibility measurements. A possible source of the discrepancy is discussed.Supported by the National Science Foundation Grant No. DMR-74-08033.Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. ERDA.Supported by the National Science Foundation.     

Demagnetization of Ce impurities in superconducting (La,Th)Ce alloys: Specific heat results

Detailed measurements of the specific heat jump C at the superconducting transition temperatureT _c as a function ofT _c are reported for several (La, Th)Ce systems. The measurements document the continuous demagnetization of the Ce impurity ions which proceeds with increasing Th concentration, and provide a critical test of a theory recently developed by Müller-Hartmann and Zittartz for the superconducting behavior of matrix-impurity systems which simultaneously exhibit both superconductivity and the Kondo effect.Research supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Grant No. AF-AFOSR-71-2073.Research supported by the University of Chile-University of California Cooperative Program sponsored by the Ford Foundation.     

Optische und mechanische Eigenschaften von RLVIP HfO2‐Schichten

Optical and mechanical properties of RLVIP HfO₂ films In this paper HfO₂‐films were deposited on unheated fused silica, borosilicate glass, and silicon wafer substrates by reactive low voltage ion plating (RLVIP). Optical film properties, i. e. refractive index and absorption as well as mechanical properties, particularly film stress, were investigated. Their dependence on deposition parameters, i. e. arc current and oxygen partial pressure was studied. The film refractive index was calculated from spectrophotometric measurements. The low absorption was determined by photothermal deflection spectrometry. Stress measurements were performed by bending disc method with uncoated and coated silicon wafer substrates.     

Modeling and testing of energy absorbing lightweight materials and structures for automotive applications

As a consequence of the increasing demands in automotive industry concerning crashworthiness and passive safety, the concern for energy management and safety demands also increases. The goal of energy management is to reduce the forces and stresses on an occupant or a pedestrian during a crash event; in some cases it may be possible to reduce the forces by a factor of two. This requires usage of new advanced materials in automotive components. Energy absorbing foams and other lightweight materials like plastics and polymer composites are increasingly used in automotive industry. Hence, extensive study of energy absorbing behavior of these materials as well as the automotive components is needed for further improvements in numerical modeling and crash simulations. The paper enlightens recent advances in investigation of mechanical properties and energy absorption ability of the mentioned lightweight materials as well as modeling with finite element codes for crash simulations.     

Statistische Beschreibung der Tropfengrößenverteilung bei stationären Zerstäubungsprozessen

The dispersion of spray drops within a two-phase-flow is signified by an deformable phase interface where material properties suddenly change. The process of atomisation could previously only be modelled for standard applications simultaneously coupled with substantial simulations. In this case the process of atomisation is not coupled to the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the interaction between two liquids. The approach of disintegration is modelled by statistics, describing the probability of generating liquid droplets. Therefore consideration of potential time and length for an intact liquid core are supposed from standard applications [1, 2]. Using this way of describing atomisation is utilised in a CFD-Code and then compared with PDA-measurements to control the process capability of this implementation.

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Zusammenfassung  Zweiphasenströmungen zeichnen sich durch eine bewegliche und deformierbare Phasengrenze aus. An dieser Phasengrenze ändern sich die Stoffeigenschaften sprunghaft. Die Erfassung und Beschreibung dieser Grenzflächeneigenschaften ist sehr aufwendig, so dass die numerische Modellierung von Zerstäubungsprozessen bisher nur für exemplarische Einzelfälle eingesetzt wird. Bei dieser Simulation von Zerstäubungsprozessen ist ein hoher Rechenaufwand gegeben. Der Vorgang des Strahlzerfalls lässt sich, wie im Folgenden dargestellt, mittels Zerfallswahrscheinlichkeiten abbilden. Aerodynamische Grenzflächenbetrachtungen fließen bei dieser Betrachtungsweise nicht in das Modell ein. Bei der Verwendung von Zerfallswahrscheinlichkeiten werden Annahmen zu Länge und Zeit der intakten Strahllänge der flüssigen Phase getroffen, die sich aus ähnlichen technischen Fragestellungen in direkten numerischen Simulationen (DNS) ableiten lassen [1,2]. Durch Anwendung von statistisch erzeugten Tropfenspektren in einem Strömungscode und durch Messung mittels Phasen-Doppler-Anemometrie erfolgt die Überprüfung der Aussagefähigkeit des statistischen Modells.

     

Reactive Low Voltage Ion Plating (RLVIP). Prozess‐, Plasma‐ und Schichteigenschaften am Beispiel von Ta2O5/SiO2

Reactive Low Voltage Ion Plating (RLVIP) is a process for production of chemical compound films mainly by direct synthesis from the elements. It can be used for deposition of single layer and multilayer oxide coatings onto unheated glass and other unheated substrates. An introduction to the RLVIP process will be given, together with some relevant plasma process data and optical and mechanical film properties of Ta₂O₅ films and Ta₂O₅/SiO₂ multilayers. The process plasma was analysed by plasma monitoring (PPM421), a Langmuir probe system (Smartprobe) and a Faraday Cup System (MIEDA). A correlation between plasma data and optical/mechanical properties will be shown.     

Group Decision Making on Urban Planning Using Desktop Multimedia Conferencing

Recent developments on multimedia systems and networking technology show that using desktop multimedia conferencing for group decision making on wide area networks such as the Internet is possible. In this paper we review the design, hardware and software requirements and organizational issues in a desktop multimedia conferencing system. We draw on our experiences from multiple multimedia conferences on the Internet and in particular we focus on a case study on urban planning using desktop multimedia conferencing on the Internet. Further we discuss implications for further research on desktop multimedia conferencing.