不同类型沉积盆地热演化成因模式探讨

不同类型的沉积盆地其地热分布、盆地热演化、热结构和深部岩石圈热状况都有明显的差异。根据大量资料总结了裂谷盆地、坳陷盆地和前陆盆地的地温演化成因模式。裂谷盆地的地热随地质历史的演化逐渐降低 ,在裂谷拉张阶段具有很高的热流值 ,但现今的热流值则取决于裂谷发生的时间 :中新生代裂谷仍保留较高的热流值且具有典型的“热幔冷壳”结构 ,而古裂谷现今的热流值较低。坳陷盆地的热流演化总体上看较为平缓 ,具有相对稳定的热流值 ,其地表热流的演化取决于盆地具体的地质背景 ,可能随地质历史的变化逐渐降低或增大。前陆盆地具有低的地温状况 ,这种地区由深部传导来的热流较小 ,地表热流值一般小于40mW /m2 ,地热梯度小于 2℃ / 1 0 0m。     

MDEA/DEA混合胺的实验室和工厂装置数据的比较

DEA和 CO2 反应形成副产物而产生的降解早在 195 6年就得到了证明。文献中的实验室数据也表明在 MDEA/DEA混合物中DEA的降解比在 MDEA中更为显著。我们的实验室数据证实了这个结果。然而 ,实验室反应釜腐蚀性试验显示 ,这些溶液对碳钢试片和不锈钢试片的腐蚀速率低于 1密耳 /年 ( mpy) ,从许多套使用MDEA/DEA混合物的装置中 (有些从 1989年起就在运行 )取得的数据表明装置腐蚀和MDEA/DEA中 DEA降解问题比实验室降解数据低得多。我们考察了使用 DEA的 98套工业装置操作数据。在 98套装置中 ,仅有 6套装置中的DEA降解产物大…     

一种新的声波测井曲线环境校正方法

分析了测井环境对声波时差测井曲线的影响,论述了对声波时差测井曲线作环境校正的基本原理和基本方法,提出了一种声波时差测井曲线环境校正的新方法－漫反射声路法。     

无溶剂状态下乌桕皮油酶促酯交换改性制取类可可脂的研究

研究了在无溶剂状态下，１，３专一性脂肪酶催化乌桕皮油酯交换反应制取类可可脂的工艺，确定了酯交换反应的最佳工艺条件，通过减压蒸馏，乙醇结晶分提分离纯化了酯交换后的油脂，并应用高压液相色谱，分析了类可可脂产品的甘油三脂结构，应用差示扫描量热法（ＤＳＣ）分析了产品的性能。     

新型食品乳化剂——琥珀酸单甘酯的合成

以琥珀酸酐，分子蒸馏单甘酯为原料，合成了各项质量指标均符合FAO／WHO标准的琥珀酸单甘酯。确定了合成该产品的最佳工艺条件，并进行了验证实验。     

摩托车燃油蒸发排放污染物的原始蒸发量和控制措施研究

本文从摩托车燃油蒸发排放污染物的形成机理、主要来源、影响因素、原始蒸发量及相应的控制措施等方面进行了研究,为摩托车燃油蒸发控制系统的设计提供了理论基础。     

Development and validation of an accurate and rapid LC-ESI-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 in lotus seeds

An accurate and rapid LC-ESI-MS/MS analytical method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxin B₁, B₂, G₁ and G₂ in lotus seeds. The samples were firstly extracted with methanol-water solution (80:20, v/v), and then cleaned up by immunoaffinity columns. The mass spectrometer was operated in the positive ionization electrospray (ESI+) mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) for analysis of four aflatoxins. The transitions of m/z 313 → 285 (AFB₁, CE 33 eV), m/z 315 → 259 (AFB₂, CE 37 eV), m/z 329 → 243 (AFG₁, CE 37 eV) and m/z 331 → 257 (AFG₂, CE 37 eV) were used to quantify these four aflatoxins, respectively. The limits of detection (LODs) of aflatoxin B₁, B₂, G₁ and G₂ were 0.007, 0.005, 0.003 and 0.005 μg kg^?1 based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1, respectively. The limits of quantification (LOQs) of aflatoxin B₁, B₂, G₁ and G₂ were 0.02, 0.015, 0.01 and 0.015 μg kg^?1 based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 10:1, respectively. Recoveries for samples of spiked lotus seeds were all above 66% with relative standard deviation all below 15% for all compounds. Nineteen out of twenty batches of lotus seeds collected from different drug stores or markets in China were found to be contaminated with aflatoxins at different levels ranging from 0.02 to 688.4 μg kg^?1.     

The Development and Application of a Novel Polyamine Water-based Drilling Fluid

Polyamine water-based drilling fluid has been used around the world in recent years. The authors investigated the key additive SDJA-1 as polyamine shale hydration inhibitor. Results indicate that SDJA-1 can suppress clay hydration effectively and provide a pH buffer effect. Polyacrylamide and nano-emulsion ZX-8 were selected as shale encapsulator and lubricant, respectively. The properties of polyamine water-based drilling fluid including inhibition, lubrication and toxicity were evaluated compared with other inhibitive water-based drilling fluids and conventional oil-based drilling fluid. Results show the fluid outperforms other water-based drilling fluids and approaches to the performance of oil-based drilling fluid. Furthermore, the system is non-toxic and environmental friendly, superior to oil-based drilling fluid. This system was successfully applied on well Tian 310 in Shengli oilfield. A caliper log was run which indicated the highest quality wellbore ever recorded in the entire block.     

Stability of the Oil-water Emulsion Formed During Amphiphilic Polymer Flooding

The amphiphilic polymer can greatly improve the stability of produced liquid and thus makes it difficult to treat. It is of great necessity to study the stability of amphiphilic polymer flooding O/W crude oil emulsion. O/W crude oil emulsion tends to be more stable with increasing amphiphilic polymer concentration and decreasing holding temperature. Amphiphilic polymer flooding O/W crude oil emulsion is much more stable, especially when polymer concentration is above critical aggregation concentration. Aggregation formed by hydrophobic groups of the amphiphilic polymer is beneficial to the stability of amphiphilic polymer flooding O/W crude oil emulsions.     

Study on energy flows in thermoacoustic engines utilizing two-temperature heat sources

The proposal of a novel thermoacoustic regenerator using multi-temperature heat sources (MTHS) makes it possible to utilize lower-grade energy and keep relatively high efficiency in a thermoacoustic engine (TE) simultaneously. Based on thermodynamic laws combined with linear thermoacoustic theory, the time-averaged total power, enthalpy flux, acoustic power, entropy flux, and exergy flux in each component are derived and calculated to further understand the mechanism of a TE with the regenerator using two-temperature heat sources (TTHS). The comparison of the energy flows between the traditional TEs and those utilizing TTHS shows that the improvement of the temperature gradient in the regenerator by adding a mid-heater with appropriate heating power can increase the acoustic power and efficiency of a TE.