全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6121篇 |
免费 | 424篇 |
国内免费 | 12篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 88篇 |
综合类 | 11篇 |
化学工业 | 1748篇 |
金属工艺 | 189篇 |
机械仪表 | 156篇 |
建筑科学 | 186篇 |
矿业工程 | 27篇 |
能源动力 | 247篇 |
轻工业 | 1011篇 |
水利工程 | 35篇 |
石油天然气 | 22篇 |
武器工业 | 1篇 |
无线电 | 301篇 |
一般工业技术 | 1279篇 |
冶金工业 | 263篇 |
原子能技术 | 19篇 |
自动化技术 | 974篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 60篇 |
2022年 | 189篇 |
2021年 | 347篇 |
2020年 | 195篇 |
2019年 | 231篇 |
2018年 | 337篇 |
2017年 | 314篇 |
2016年 | 373篇 |
2015年 | 291篇 |
2014年 | 389篇 |
2013年 | 604篇 |
2012年 | 368篇 |
2011年 | 341篇 |
2010年 | 293篇 |
2009年 | 322篇 |
2008年 | 273篇 |
2007年 | 202篇 |
2006年 | 150篇 |
2005年 | 96篇 |
2004年 | 106篇 |
2003年 | 97篇 |
2002年 | 80篇 |
2001年 | 41篇 |
2000年 | 53篇 |
1999年 | 41篇 |
1998年 | 62篇 |
1997年 | 64篇 |
1996年 | 27篇 |
1995年 | 42篇 |
1994年 | 32篇 |
1993年 | 25篇 |
1992年 | 16篇 |
1991年 | 18篇 |
1990年 | 27篇 |
1989年 | 19篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 16篇 |
1985年 | 31篇 |
1984年 | 36篇 |
1983年 | 43篇 |
1982年 | 38篇 |
1981年 | 29篇 |
1980年 | 31篇 |
1979年 | 25篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 23篇 |
1976年 | 31篇 |
1975年 | 13篇 |
1973年 | 15篇 |
排序方式: 共有6557条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
82.
In this work, the analysis of the plasma modification of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates was conducted. The influence of the modification onto the changes occurred within the geometrical structure and chemical composition of the surface was analyzed. Due to the study of the atomic force microscopy, it was possible to determine the relationships between the surface development and applied process parameters, defining the conditions facilitating to obtain isotropic or anisotropic orientations of wrinkles. A precise analysis of the chemical composition of the surface, executed before and after the modification processes, enabled to define the changes in their elementary composition. Moreover, the modification influence onto the changes of the contact angle and the surface free energy were also analyzed. So, based on the research it was stated that the increase of value of the surface free energy is proportional to the sp3 phase contents in the DLC coatings. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41635. 相似文献
83.
Stanisław Sieniutycz 《国际自然能源杂志》2013,34(1):46-56
This research continues the thermodynamic analysis of steady-state solid oxide fuel cells initiated in Sieniutycz (Sieniutycz, S., 2010, Thermodynamic aspects of power generation in imperfect fuel cells: part I. International Journal of Ambient Energy, 31 (4), 195–202). This analysis focuses on the effect of incomplete conversions in chemical reactions. A general approach is developed that attributes lowering of the cell voltage below its reversible value to polarisations and imperfect chemical conversions. Relevant model, appropriate for systems with complete conversions, is extended to imperfect cases. The performance curves of a fuel cell and the effect of typical design and operating parameters on the cell behaviour are analysed. A general result is obtained for power limits of fuel cells propelled by linear transport phenomena. 相似文献
84.
85.
Platinum electrocatalysts were prepared using PtCl4 as a starting material and 1-decylamine, N,N-dimethyldecylamine, 1-dodecylamine, N,N-dimethyldodecylamine, 1-hexadecylamine, and 1-octadecylamine as surfactants. These surfactants were used for the first time in this synthesis to determine whether the primary and/or tertiary structure and/or chain length of the surfactants, affects the size and/or activity of the catalysts in C1–C3 alcohol electro-oxidation reactions. Electrochemical measurements (cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry) indicated that the highest electrocatalytic performance was observed for the Pt nanocatalysts that were stabilized by N,N-dimethyldecylamine, and this has a tertiary amine structure with a short chain length (R = C10H21). The high performance may be due to the high electrochemical surface area, Pt(0)/Pt(IV) ratio, %Pt utility, and roughness factor (R f). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to determine the parameters that affect the catalytic activities. 相似文献
86.
Polymerization of β-butyrolactone has been studied in toluene with Al(OiPr)3 as an initiator. The ring-opening polyaddition proceeds through a coordination–insertion mechanism at a very low rate. Well defined α-isopropylester, ω-hydroxy poly(β-butyrolactone)s (PBL) are formed with a narrow molecular weight distribution at low monomer-to-initiator molar ratios, When this ratio is higher (ca. 170), a competition occurs between propagation and side reactions, i.e. elimination, inter- and intra-molecular transesterifications and thermal degradation, which is responsible for a loss of control of the PBL molecular charcteristics. The addition of a Lewis base (1 equivalent of nicotine/Al) to the Al-alkoxide initiator has no significant effect on the polymerization rate, although the chain microstructure is deeply affected since predominantly syndiotactic PBL chains are formed (63% syndio-diads) in contrast to a completely atactic polymer in the absence of nicotine. 相似文献
87.
Piotr Krl 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1996,61(12):2207-2219
Taking advantage of the algorithm developed earlier which makes it possible to calculate rate constants for the parallel-subsequent reactions of the kinetic model for the diisocyanate and diol polyaddition process, a mathematical model was developed for this process which then was subjected to mathematical decomposition. The procedure adopted allowed me to numerically resolve the obtained system of differential equations and to perform the numerical simulation of the polymerization process studied. For the reactions of 2,4-TDI and 1,4-butanediol, the results obtained were compared to experimental concentrations of urethane oligomer fractions found by means of GPC. It was found that the model suggested provides a better fit than does the model claiming dependence of chemical activity of oligomers solely on reactivity specifications for their functional groups. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
88.
Jacek Grebowski Paulina Kazmierska-Grebowska Natalia Cichon Piotr Piotrowski Grzegorz Litwinienko 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(1)
Background: Fullerenols (water-soluble derivatives of fullerenes), such as C60(OH)36, are biocompatible molecules with a high ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the mechanism of their antioxidant action and cooperation with endogenous redox machinery remains unrecognized. Fullerenols rapidly distribute through blood cells; therefore, we investigated the effect of C60(OH)36 on the antioxidant defense system in erythrocytes during their prolonged incubation. Methods: Human erythrocytes were treated with fullerenol at concentrations of 50–150 µg/mL, incubated for 3 and 48 h at 37 °C, and then hemolyzed. The level of oxidative stress was determined by examining the level of thiol groups, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione transferase), and by measuring erythrocyte microviscosity. Results: The level of thiol groups in stored erythrocytes decreased; however, in the presence of higher concentrations of C60(OH)36 (100 and 150 µg/mL), the level of -SH groups increased compared to the control. Extending the incubation to 48 h caused a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity, but the addition of fullerenol, especially at higher concentrations (100–150 µg/mL), increased its activity. We observed that C60(OH)36 had no effect on the microviscosity of the interior of the erythrocytes. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results indicated that water-soluble C60(OH)36 has antioxidant potential and efficiently supports the enzymatic antioxidant system within the cell. These effects are probably related to the direct interaction of C60(OH)36 with the enzyme that causes its structural changes. 相似文献
89.
Eva Havrnkov Vladimír Garaj rka Mascaretti Andrea Angeli Zuzana Soldnov Miroslav Kemka Jozef Moty
ka Marie Brzdov Jozef Csllei Josef Jampílek Claudiu T. Supuran 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(1)
A series of 1,3,5-triazinyl aminobenzenesulfonamides substituted by aminoalcohol, aminostilbene, and aminochalcone structural motifs was synthesized as potential human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) inhibitors. The compounds were evaluated on their inhibition of tumor-associated hCA IX and hCA XII, hCA VII isoenzyme present in the brain, and physiologically important hCA I and hCA II. While the test compounds had only a negligible effect on physiologically important isoenzymes, many of the studied compounds significantly affected the hCA IX isoenzyme. Several compounds showed activity against hCA XII; (E)-4-{2-[(4-[(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)amino]-6-[(4-styrylphenyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzenesulfonamide (31) and (E)-4-{2-[(4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)amino]-6-[(4-styrylphenyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzenesulfonamide (32) were the most effective inhibitors with KIs = 4.4 and 5.9 nM, respectively. In addition, the compounds were tested against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) isolates. (E)-4-[2-({4-[(4-cinnamoylphenyl)amino]-6-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino)ethyl]benzenesulfonamide (21) (MIC = 26.33 µM) and derivative 32 (MIC range 13.80–55.20 µM) demonstrated the highest activity against all tested strains. The most active compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against the Human Colorectal Tumor Cell Line (HCT116 p53 +/+). Only 4,4’-[(6-chloro-1,3,5-triazin-2,4-diyl)bis(iminomethylene)]dibenzenesulfonamide (7) and compound 32 demonstrated an IC50 of ca. 6.5 μM; otherwise, the other selected derivatives did not show toxicity at concentrations up to 50 µM. The molecular modeling and docking of active compounds into various hCA isoenzymes, including bacterial carbonic anhydrase, specifically α-CA present in VRE, was performed to try to outline a possible mechanism of selective anti-VRE activity. 相似文献
90.
Emese Rka Blint Gabriella Fr Balzs Kui Zsolt Balla Eszter Sra Kormnyos Erik Mrk Orjn Brigitta Tth Gyngyi Horvth Edina Szcs Sndor Benyhe Eszter Ducza Petra Pallagi Jzsef Malth Viktria Venglovecz Pter Hegyi Lrnd Kiss Zoltn Rakonczay Jr. 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(3)
Opioids are widely used for the pain management of acute pancreatitis (AP), but their impact on disease progression is unclear. Therefore, our aim was to study the effects of clinically relevant opioids on the severity of experimental AP. Various doses of fentanyl, morphine, or buprenorphine were administered as pre- and/or post-treatments in rats. Necrotizing AP was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of L-ornithine-HCl or intra-ductal injection of Na-taurocholate, while intraperitoneal caerulein administration caused edematous AP. Disease severity was determined by laboratory and histological measurements. Mu opioid receptor (MOR) expression and function was assessed in control and AP animals. MOR was expressed in both the pancreas and brain. The pancreatic expression and function of MOR were reduced in AP. Fentanyl post-treatment reduced necrotizing AP severity, whereas pre-treatment exacerbated it. Fentanyl did not affect the outcome of edematous AP. Morphine decreased vacuolization in edematous AP, while buprenorphine pre-treatment increased pancreatic edema during AP. The overall effects of morphine on disease severity were negligible. In conclusion, the type, dosing, administration route, and timing of opioid treatment can influence the effects of opioids on AP severity. Fentanyl post-treatment proved to be beneficial in AP. Clinical studies are needed to determine which opioids are best in AP. 相似文献