Sources of energy values and contribution of various products to maintenance of chemical contents of the diet of an unorganized population of Moscow

With use of a method of daily reproduction at representative sample of an unorganized population of inhabitants of Moscow the sources of energy value and contribution of various products to supply organism by the basic food substances (protein, fats, carbohydrates and cholesterol) are investigated. Is established that the nutrition structure is obviously debalanced. More quarters of daily diet energy is provided for consumption of animal fats and simple sugars. Is shown that the main part of fat (2/3) enters in organism as the "latent" fats of animal products, the fats "in the pure form" half consist from butters. The main source of the saturated fats and cholesterol for men are meat, and for women--the dairy products. 12% researched refuse purified sugars.     

Two-stage synthesis of oligobutenetoluenes from commercial butane-butene fraction

Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 10–11, April, 1991.     

Formation of Transition Metal Cluster Adducts on the Surface of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes: HRTEM Studies

We report the formation of chromium clusters on the outer walls of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The clusters were obtained by reacting purified SWNTs with chromium hexacarbonyl in dibutyl ether at 100°C. The functionalized SWNTs were characterized by thermogravimetic analysis, XPS, and high-resolution TEM. The curvature of the SWNTs and the high mobility of the chromium moieties on graphitic surfaces allow the growth of the metal clusters and we propose a mechanism for their formation.     

Polymer Fiber Probes Enable Optical Control of Spinal Cord and Muscle Function In Vivo

Restoration of motor and sensory functions in paralyzed patients requires the development of tools for simultaneous recording and stimulation of neural activity in the spinal cord. In addition to its complex neurophysiology, the spinal cord presents technical challenges stemming from its flexible fibrous structure and repeated elastic deformation during normal motion. To address these engineering constraints, we developed highly flexible fiber probes, consisting entirely of polymers, for combined optical stimulation and recording of neural activity. The fabricated fiber probes exhibit low‐loss light transmission even under repeated extreme bending deformations. Using our fiber probes, we demonstrate simultaneous recording and optogenetic stimulation of neural activity in the spinal cord of transgenic mice expressing the light sensitive protein channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2). Furthermore, optical stimulation of the spinal cord with the polymer fiber probes induces on‐demand limb movements that correlate with electromyographical (EMG) activity.     

Schottky barriers on n-GaN grown on SiC

Characteristics of Schottky barriers fabricated on n-type GaN were investigated. The barriers were formed by vacuum thermal evaporation of Cr, Au, and Ni. Current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of the barriers were measured in a wide temperature and current density range. Fundamental parameters (barrier height and built-in potential) of the Schottky barriers were determined. The dependence of the barrier ideality factor on doping concentration in GaN was measured. Correlation between the barrier height and metal work function was observed. The electron affinity for GaN was determined using both C-V and I-V characteristics. The current flow mechanism through the barriers is discussed.