The effects of oxygen diffusion on the surface photooxidation of polystyrene

This paper further illustrates the applicability of multiple internal reflectance infrared spectroscopy to the analysis of near-surface photooxidation. The results are compared with transmission infrared spectra to evaluate compositional gradients resulting from photooxidation and the influence of oxygen diffusion. The sample was a solvent-cast film of atactic, narrow distribution polystyrene, M_w of 100,000, that had been drawn to a ratio of 3.0 at 110°C by solid state coextrusion. Irradiation of these thin films, ～25μm thickness, was performed on exposure to air at 35°C for periods of up to 6 h using a mercury source emitting at 254 nm. On photooxidation, a board peak appears at 3200–3500 cm^?1, attributable to hydroperoxide formation. The most dramatic increase in the infrared spectra is found for a carbonyl band at 1730 cm^?1. It appears to result from an aromatic acid group since it is shifted to 1660 cm^?1 on immersion of the oxidized polystyrene films in aqueous ammonium hydroxide. It is confirmed that the photooxidation of polystyrene occurs preferentially at the surface and that this reaction rate is greatly reduced in the drawn polystyrene film.     

Determination of diffusion coefficients of water in cellulose acetate membranes

The determination of the diffusion coefficient for water in various porosity cellulose acetate membranes by a gravimetric method, using a humidified carrier gas, is described. It was found to be impossible to obtain meaningful results for very porous membranes, although dense membranes gave limiting values of diffusion coefficient at high carrier gas velocities. This phenomenon is explained in terms of the dissipation of the heat of sorption by the forced convection provided by the carrier gas. The variation of diffusion coefficient with concentration of water in dense cellulose acetate is explained in terms of clustering of water molecules in the polymer at high concentration.     

溶液共混法制备高强度淀粉基完全生物降解塑料薄膜

利用一步溶液共混法，将预糊化的淀粉糊与PvA溶液共混，用乙二醛进行交联，制备淀粉／聚乙烯醇（PVA）完全生物降解塑料薄膜。研究不同乙二醛和甘油的用量对薄膜性能的影响。薄膜的力学性能、热性能和微观形态表征表明，淀粉／PvA体系具有较好的相容性和较高的力学性能，薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别可达到28．52MPa和307．5％。     

Emulex10/40GbE提升NFV性能 加速回报

<正>长期以来,Emulex I/O解决方案的价值一直为全球电信公司所公认。如今,Emulex宣布推出计划中的高级功能,使用这些功能,电信公司能够更快速地开发优质网络服务提供给客户。新增功能包括增强了Emulex OneConnect OCe14000系列10Gb和40Gb以太网(10/40GbE)网络以及融合网络适配器(CNA)的数据包处理并提高了可编程性。使用这些新增功能,电信设备制造商(TEM)和电信运营商可以加快网络功能虚拟化(NFV)解决方案的部署。Emulex已经与6WIND建立合作伙伴关系,共同开发了Emulex轮询模式驱动程序(PMD),以增强数据平面开发工具包     

α-蒎烯催化加氢合成顺式蒎烷的研究

本文研究了以镍系催化剂催化α－蒎烯加氢合成高选择性的顺式蒎烷。考察了反应压力、反应温度及催化剂用量等因素对产品的影响，在此基础上确定了适宜的工艺参数。在此条件下反应，α－蒎烯转化率＞99％，顺式蒎烷选择性＞95．7％。     

Crystal lattice deformation and the mesophase in poly(ethylene terephthalate) uniaxially drawn by solid-state coextrusion

The development of crystalline and mesophase structure on drawing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has been studied. The uniaxial drawing has been done by solid-state coextrusion from 50 to 90°C. The unit-cell parameters of stress-induced crystallites in extrudates have been determined as a function of extrusion draw ratio (EDR) up to 4.4 and at an extrusion temperature (ET) above T_g, at 70 and 90°C. The higher the EDR, the longer the c-axis chain direction, the shorter the a and b axes and the smaller the unit-cell volume. In comparison with the conventional lattice parameters obtained by Bunn and Fisher, the highest elongation of the c axis is near 10%. These features imply that the lattice of stress-induced crystallites is far from the closest packing. Coextrudates made below the T_g of PET differ markedly from those made above T_g. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns of PET extruded at 50°C (below T_g) even at high draw ratio exhibit small and/or imperfect crystallites. They appear much as a mesophase. The distance between macromolecular chains ranges from 3.2 to 5.4 Å. The shortest value in the mesophase approaches the interplanar crystal distance of 3.4 Å for the (100) crystal face, on which the benzene rings lie. The crystalline peak separation of the PET, WAXD curve has been evaluated to obtain absolute crystallinities and the content of mesophase and amorphous phase.     

Natural and unnatural silks

Natural silk is an important biopolymer with huge potential as it combines superb mechanical properties with environmentally sensitive production methods. Native silk dope taken straight from the gland can easily and without chemical assistance be drawn into strong fibres. Artificial silk fibres, on the other hand, rely on spinning dopes typically ‘reconstituted’ from natural silk fibres by strong chaotropic agents. Such fibres do not form readily, and often require chemical post-spin treatment for stabilisation. In addition these fibres tend to be brittle, and so far have been unable to match native fibres. Here we present novel rheometric data to argue that native and reconstituted silkworm silk dope differ in kind, not just in degree. While native silks behave like typical molten polymers, reconstituted silks do not. We conclude that rheology provides a powerful tool in the quest to learn from the Nature's polymer fibre technology.     

高温环境下侧向弹性约束对钢柱稳定长度的影响

基于结构弹性稳定理论原理,导出了高温环境下钢柱在轴向荷载作用时具有弹性支座的稳定长度计算式,分析了弹簧刚度、耐火保护层、温度等参数对钢柱稳定长度的影响,进一步提出了在实际工程中应采取的有关措施。     

基于构件内力优化的车身结构轻量化设计

针对细长杆件的轴向承载能力要远大于其他非轴向的承载能力的特性,提出了基于构件内力优化的车身结构轻量化设计理念。从构件受力合理的角度来实现客车车身骨架轻量化,即通过对整车结构的力流分析,得到车身结构整体及主要构件受力特性,找出整车骨架中的高应力及低应力区域。进一步对高应力或低应力杆件的内力成分和应力成分进行分析。在保证强度的基础上,从结构受力合理的角度出发,挖掘整车轻量化的潜力。最后结合某款全承载式客车进行了相应的轻量化设计,在降低结构最高应力的前提下实现减重220kg。