Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections among haemodialysis patients in Pune (western India)

Vascular injuries may occur as complications of elbow dislocation and usually involve the brachial artery. A case report is presented in which only the radial artery was compromised as a result of the dislocation.     

Platelet aggregation inhibiting and anticoagulant effects of oligoamines, XX: 4,4',4'-(1,3,5)-benzene-tris-sydnone imines

The synthesis of ten tris-sydnone imine derivatives, unknown up to now, is described. All compounds are alkyl or arylalkyl substituted in 3-position of the sydnone imine. The most powerful agent was the 3-propyl derivative 6c. It inhibits the aggregation of human platelets induced by collagen in a concentration of 1 mumol/L half maximally. Its N-ethoxycarbonyl derivative 7c, which was designed as a prodrug, showed only small antithrombotic effects in rats. The reason for this low degree of activity is discussed.     

Genetic aspects of Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. Empirical risk of recurrence and case presentation

Nutrient uptake by the hindlimb was investigated utilising the arteriovenous difference technique in 5 Thoroughbred horses fed to maintenance a diet of 100% roughage or 52% oat grain and 48% roughage. Arterial blood was obtained from a catheter inserted into the carotid artery while venous blood was simultaneously collected from a catheter placed into the iliac vein via the medial saphenous vein. The arteriovenous difference for glucose was significant and represented a mean extraction of 10 +/- 1% with no effect of diet. If fully oxidised, glucose uptake (corrected for lactate and pyruvate arteriovenous difference) was sufficient to account for 78 +/- 13% or 107 +/- 15% of the oxygen consumed by the hindlimb in horses fed a roughage or 52% oat grain diet respectively. Acetate was also a major metabolite of the hindlimb, showing a 39 +/- 5% extraction with no effect of diet. However, the 52% oat grain diet did induce a significant decline in the concentration of acetate in arterial blood. The potential contribution to oxidation in the hindlimb was significantly reduced from 32 +/- 4% in horses fed roughage to 21 +/- 3% when fed 52% oat grain. D-3-Hydroxybutyrate uptake could account for 9 +/- 1% of the oxidation by the hindlimb with no effect of diet. The technique for measuring nutrient uptake across the hindlimb using the arteriovenous difference is relatively simple and would be valuable in investigating fuel use by muscle during exercise.     

Vasodilation with adenosine or sodium nitroprusside after coronary artery bypass surgery: a comparative study on myocardial blood flow and metabolism

The effects of adenosine and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on central hemodynamics and myocardial blood flow and metabolism were investigated postoperatively after elective coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery in ten sedated and mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. During three consecutive 15-min periods, SNP (0.8 +/- 0.1 micrograms.kg-1 x min-1), adenosine (88.9 +/- 13.3 micrograms.kg-1 x min-1), and then again SNP (0.7 +/- 0.1 micrograms.kg-1 x min-1) were infused to control postoperative hypertension at a mean arterial pressure of approximately 80 mm Hg. Systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics and global (coronary sinus flow, CSF) as well as regional (great cardiac vein flow, GCVF) myocardial blood flow and metabolic variables were measured. During adenosine infusion, in comparison to SNP, heart rate was unchanged, stroke volume index and cardiac index increased (24% and 32%, respectively), and the systemic vascular resistance index decreased (-26%). Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (24%) as well as pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (27%) and central venous pressure (18%) were higher with adenosine compared to SNP. Adenosine also increased CSF and GCVF (108% and 103%, respectively) without altering the CSF/GCVF flow ratio compared to SNP. Furthermore, adenosine increased the coronary oxygen content (51%) and decreased the arterio-great cardiac vein oxygen content difference (-48%) without changing regional myocardial oxygen consumption, indicating a more pronounced hyperkinetic myocardial circulation compared to SNP. In addition, adenosine infusion decreased arterial PO2 (-11%) and increased the intrapulmonary shunt fraction (57%). The PR interval time of the electrocardiogram was prolonged (12%) and the ST segment was more depressed during adenosine infusion compared to SNP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Alteration of GABAA receptor alpha 1-subunit mRNA in mouse brain following continuous ethanol inhalation

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate what nursing home medical directors actually do, what they and other nursing home personnel believe would be desirable to do, and what problems and deficiencies are perceived. DESIGN: Mail survey with follow-up telephone interview when necessary. SETTING: Forty-five nursing facilities in upstate New York. PARTICIPANTS: The medical directors, administrators, and directors of nursing of the 45 facilities. MEASUREMENTS: Inventory of what medical directors reported as to their actual activities and time spent, and of what they, the administrators, and the directors of nursing felt should be their responsibilities and activities under ideal circumstances. RESULTS: For part-time medical directors, self-reported time spent on medical directorship activities averaged 12 hours per month; of all directors, 45% spent 8 hours or less per month. Proportion of time spent on various specific activities varied widely. There was general agreement that substantially more time should be spent, in particular, on evaluating and addressing problems of adequacy and quality of care, communicating with attending physicians about problems, and assisting with inservice training programs. CONCLUSIONS: To fill the role adequately, more time should be spent by many part-time medical directors, which will require greater financial commitment by facilities and reimbursement systems. Efforts need to made to better coordinate the expectations of medical directors and facility staff.     

Providing information to clients about psychological tests: A survey of attorneys' and law students' attitudes.

Surveyed 70 practicing attorneys and 150 law students to determine the extent to which they felt it was their responsibility to inform clients they referred for psychological testing about the testing process and about the validity scales on tests. Results showed that almost 50% of the attorneys and over 33% of the students believe that clients referred for testing always or usually should be informed of validity scales on tests. These results suggest that many test takers, particularly in forensic settings, may have information about validity scales that facilitates their giving biased responses without detection. Psychologists doing forensic evaluations should be alert to this possibility and should consider using more than one approach to detect response distortions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Quantal release at a neuronal nicotinic synapse from rat adrenal gland

The neuronal nicotinic synapse in tissue slices of the adrenal medulla was studied with whole-cell patch-clamp. Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were evoked by local field stimulation or occurred spontaneously especially when external [K+] was increased. EPSCs were carried by channels sharing biophysical and pharmacological properties of neuronal-type nicotinic receptors (nAChRs). A single-channel conductance (gamma) of 43-45 pS was found from nonstationary variance analysis of EPSCs. Spontaneous EPSCs were tetrodotoxin-insensitive and Ca(2+)-dependent and occurred in burst-like clusters. Quantal analysis of spontaneous EPSCs gave a quantal size of 20 pA and amplitude histograms were well described by binomial models with low values of quantal content, consistent with a small number of spontaneously active release sites. However, rare large amplitude EPSCs suggest that the total number of sites is higher and that extrajunctional receptors are involved. Our estimates of quantal content and size at the chromaffin cell neuronal nicotinic synapse may be useful in characterizing central neuronal-type nicotinic receptor-mediated cholinergic synaptic transmission.