Highly monomode W1 waveguide square lattice photonic crystal lasers

Lasing of W1 square lattice-based photonic crystal lasers on the substrate approach is analyzed. A second-order distributed feedback highly monomode behavior is observed. A comprehensive two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain computation analysis shows that this characteristic arises from the lattice geometry. Single-mode lasers can be obtained using this geometry, opening the way to the realization of monomode laser arrays.     

Catalytic properties and electronic structure of copper ions in Cu-ZSM-5

The effect of ion exchange conditions, such as Si/Al ratio, precursor copper salt, pH and concentration of the solution, on the catalytic activity in SCR of NO by propane and on the electronic state of copper ions in Cu-ZSM-5 has been studied. The NO conversion in NO SCR by C₃H₈ has been found to reach a maximum value at Cu/Al ratio about 0.37–0.4 and remain constant at higher Cu/Al.

ESR and UV–vis DR spectroscopy have been used to elucidate stabilization conditions of copper ions in Cu-ZSM-5 zeolites as isolated Cu²⁺ ions, chain copper oxide structures and square-plain oxide clusters. The ability of copper ions for reduction and reoxidation in the chain structures may be responsible for the catalytic activity of Cu-ZSM-5. These transformations of copper ions are accompanied by the observation of intervalence transitions Cu²⁺–Cu⁺ and CTLM of the chain structures in the UV–vis spectra.     

Stimulation of negative magnetoresistance by an electric field and light in silicon doped with boron and manganese

It is experimentally ascertained that light stimulates the negative magnetoresistance observed in a high electric field in silicon doped with boron and manganese. The optimum conditions (the electric field, temperature, illumination, and resistivity of the material) for observation of the largest magnitude of negative magnetoresistance in (Si:B):Mn are determined. The dependence of the negative magnetoresistance on the concentration of compensating impurity is established.     

Interband light absorption in size-confined systems in uniform electric fields

A simple approach to calculation of the interband absorption coefficient in a uniform electric field is developed. This approach provides a means for studying the special features of electroabsorption in a wide class of semiconductor systems on the basis of the most general relationships. The approach is used to study the electroabsorption in two-dimensional systems with different profiles of their one-dimensional potential, quantum wells, and superlattices in magnetic fields.     

Wetting behaviour of silicon nitride ceramics by Ti–Cu alloys

The wetting of Ti–Cu alloys on Si₃N₄ was analyzed by the sessile drop method, using an imaging system with a CCD camera during the heating under argon flow. The contact angle was measured as a function of temperature and time. The samples were cut transversally and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS). Wettability of the Ti–Cu alloy on Si₃N₄ is influenced by the reaction between the Ti and the ceramic. The TC1 and TC2 alloys presented low final contact angle values around 2° and 26°, respectively, indicating good wetting on Si₃N₄.     

Grain growth kinetics in Dy-doped Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 ceramics

Dysprosium-doped bismuth sodium titanate ceramics were prepared using the conventional mixed-oxide method. The amount of dysprosium used was varied from 0 to 2 at.%. The mixed powders were calcined at 800 °C and checked for phase purity using X-ray diffraction technique. The calcined powders were then cold-pressed into pellets and sintered at 1050 °C for the time ranging from 2 to 48 h. The ceramics were checked for phases and microstructures using an X-ray diffractometer and a scanning electron microscope, respectively. The analysis showed that undoped BNT ceramics sintered at longer time exhibited a significant grain growth with non-uniform grain size distribution and shape. The Dy-doped BNT however showed a much more limited grain growth behavior, resulting in smaller grain size and more equiaxed grain shape. It was also found that all Dy-doped BNT ceramics sintered at 48 h possessed lower porosity than those sintered for shorter time.     

Ni catalyst promotion of a Cis-selective Pd catalyst for canola oil hydrogenation

A Ni catalyst was added to a cis-selective Pd catalyst in an attempt to further improve the Pd catalyst's cis-selectivity and activity for canola oil hydrogenation. The system was tested under reaction conditions known to be suitable for cis-selective hydrogenation with the Pd catalyst (50 ppm Pd, 70 °C, and 5.2 MPa). Although inactive on its own under these conditions, the addition of 100 ppm Ni increased the hydrogenation activity (from 2.12 to 2.49 10⁻² min⁻¹). Further addition of Ni up to 1000 ppm resulted in no further improvements in activity. The trans isomer contents of the oils hydrogenated with Pd and the Pd/Ni systems were similar. The level of conjugated dienes decreased rapidly during hydrogenation with both Pd alone and with the Pd/Ni combination and no changes in conjugation were detected in the presence of the Ni catalyst alone. The increased activity of the Pd/Ni system over Pd alone was attributed to adsorption of catalyst poisons from the oil by Ni.     

The social consequences of expressive suppression.

At times, people keep their emotions from showing during social interactions. The authors' analysis suggests that such expressive suppression should disrupt communication and increase stress levels. To test this hypothesis, the authors conducted 2 studies in which unacquainted pairs of women discussed an upsetting topic. In Study 1, one member of each pair was randomly assigned to (a) suppress her emotional behavior, (b) respond naturally, or (c) cognitively reappraise in a way that reduced emotional responding. Suppression alone disrupted communication and magnified blood pressure responses in the suppressors' partners. In Study 2, suppression had a negative impact on the regulators' emotional experience and increased blood pressure in both regulators and their partners. Suppression also reduced rapport and inhibited relationship formation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Age and gender differences in cardiac reactivity and subjective emotion responses to emotional autobiographical memories.

This research reports age and gender differences in cardiac reactivity and subjective responses to the induction of autobiographical memories related to anger, fear, sadness, and happiness. Heart rate (HR) and subjective state were assessed at baseline and after the induction of each emotion in 113 individuals (61 men, 52 women; 66% European American, 34% African American) ranging in age from 15 to 88 years (M = 50.0; SD = 20.2). Cardiac reactivity was lower in older individuals; however, for anger and fear, these age effects were significantly more pronounced for the women than the men. There were no gender differences in subjective responses, however, suggesting that the lower cardiac reactivity found among older people is dependent on gender and the specific emotion assessed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)