Owl Shaped You

The Shang Dynasty(16th Century B.C.-11th Century B.C.)Height:20.5 cmBronzePreserved in Shanghai MuseumYou is a vessel to contain wine.This You is in the zoomorphic shape of two owls standing back to back.The cover is shaped as     

Welfare issues of donkey (Equus asinus): a checklist based on the five freedoms

Studies on the welfare of donkey (Equus asinus) have developed slowly, because considered very rustic animals, reared prevalently under extensive production systems and widespread mainly in marginal areas. The diffusion of extensive breeding of this species has led to the belief that donkey did not need any welfare assessment. More recently, the scenario has changed, due to a gradual diffusion of intensive and semi-intensive production systems, especially in highly productive dairy breeds, to the growing concern of consumers about the life conditions of farmed animals, and to the issuing of a number of national and European rules / laws on the safety of animal products and well-being of farmed livestock. Relating with the importance of this species on food farming industry, the Author underlines the missing of specific recommendations concerning the welfare of farmed donkey. In absence of common criteria and guidelines, it is possible to make reference to the well-known “five freedoms”. This paper will review the main welfare issues of donkeys and the following aspects will be considered: nutrition, housing and management, clinical problems, behaviour problems.     

Zur numerischen Pumpversuchsauswertung in Mehrschichtgrundwasserleitern

The analysis of well tests conducted in complex geological units is often not well suited with classical analytical approaches. Numerical simulators are usually needed to account for unconventional test conditions in order to analyze data which do not fit within analytical theory. In the current work, a numerical method for simulating pumping tests is adopted, which was developed about 30 years ago in the UK. The method is expanded within the present work to allow for a consistent analysis of pumping tests, vertical interference tests, pressure pulse tests, drillstem tests, and slug tests. Two-layer formations and their dual permeability equivalents can be treated by the implemented model including nonlinear well entrance losses. The application of the model is demonstrated for a pumping test conducted in the Oligocene base formation at the Teltow-Plateau south of Berlin. The test aimed at investigating potential leakages between this poor water quality base formation and overlying high water quality aquifers envisioned for future drinking water exploitation.     

Deterministic and stochastic assessment of the harmonic currents consumed by discharge lamps

The paper examines the deterministic and stochastic behavior of magnetic ballast discharge lamps. Expressions to deterministically calculate the harmonic currents of discharge lamps are provided and analytical expressions of the probability density functions of these harmonic currents are obtained. The results are validated with experimental measurements.     

Remote plasma etching of titanium nitride using NF3/argon and chlorine mixtures for chamber clean applications

To avoid plasma induced erosion of chamber hardware, the application of remote plasma sources to activate the etch gases was introduced. We present results on the etch behaviour of titanium nitride (TiN) using mixtures of NF₃, Cl₂ and argon. The gas mixture was excited in a remote plasma source and then routed through a reaction chamber to study the etch behaviour of TiN samples which simulate the situation at the chamber walls. The dependency of the TiN etch rate on temperature, gas flow, composition and pressure was examined. While the temperature (studied in the range 25-300 °C) turned out to be the most sensitive parameter, the general etch rate was mainly dependent on the availability of atomic fluorine. Etch products and NF₃/Cl₂ dissociation have been monitored by quadrupole mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy. While NF₃ showed a high decomposition up to 96%, chlorine decomposition was not observed. However the addition of chlorine increased the etch rates up to 260% in the low pressure/low temperature regime. Surface effects of chlorine addition are indicated by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrometry and REM surface analysis.