Hilfsmittel zum Auffinden einer ersten Gestalt beim methodischen Konstruieren: Gestaltbeeinflussung durch die Verwendung physikalischer Effekte

Zusammenfassung Ziel des Teilvorhabens, über das hier berichtet wird, was es, für eine Auswahl von physikalischen Effekten eine Zuordnung von gestaltbeeinflussenden Merkmalen auf sehr abstrakter Ebene zu erreichen und damit eine n?here Charakterisierung der Wirkfl?chen und Wirkr?ume zu erreichen die zur Umsetzung eines physikalischen Effektes notwendig sind. Die hieraus resultierenden Ergebnisse sind dem Abschlu?bericht zu entnehmen [1]. Weiterführende Themen, die basierend auf den vorliegenden Erkenntnissen bearbeitet werden, haben zum Ziel, die wesentlichen und entscheidenden Parameter einer Konstruktionsaufgabe zu erkennen und zukünftig zielgerichtet L?sungsvarianten zu erstellen, um somit für eine Neukonstruktion sinnvolle L?sungsfelder sehr frühzeitig abzugrenzen.     

Occupational stress, social support, and the costs of health care.

Relationships among health care costs, social support, and occupational stress are investigated. Health care cost data were collected over two years for 260 working individuals. Multiple regression analyses were used to control for initial health care costs, age, and gender in predicting later costs; independent variables were stress, strain, social support, and their interactions. Main effects and interactions each accounted for significant proportions of the variance in various health care costs.     

Film cracking and debonding in a coated fiber

A fracture mechanics based methodology for the determination of interface fracture toughness from crack spacing in a thin coated fiber is presented. The coating (film) may be regarded as the matrix material in typical experiments employing this configuration. Matrix crack spacing is considered to be the result of a competitive process between matrix segmentation and interface debonding which are assumed to be governed by critical energy release rate criteria. Matrix cracks are assumed to form by the process of channeling in the circumferential direction and steady state conditions are assumed at the matrix crack front in the channeling direction. Energy release rates are determined using domain integral procedures in conjunction with the finite element method. The minimum crack spacing is obtained as a function of applied stress for different values of interface fracture toughness. A methodology to relate the saturated crack spacing to interface fracture toughness is developed. Interfaces are classified into three categories: weak, intermediate and strong. It is shown that in experiments of this type, quantitative information about the interface fracture toughness can be obtained for intermediate interfaces while qualitative information may be obtained for weak and strong interfaces.     

氮化硅的性能及其聚合物材料

叙述了氮化硅（Ｓｉ３Ｎ４）的性能并制备了含Ｓｉ３Ｎ４的聚合物材料，这种材料在医学上具有重要价值，对改变医学方面的概念、和对促进人类健康长寿具有重要意义。     

Superconductivity and magnetism in niobium doped YBa2Cu3O7 Related high Tc ceramics

Magnetic characterization has been performed on the members of the cuprateniobate RBa₂Cu₂NbO₈ (R = Pr, Nd, and La) series and R_1.5Ce_0.5Sr₂Cu₂NbO₁₀ (R = Pr, Eu, Nd, and Sm) series. The PrBCNO samples show a signature in the magnetization of a magnetic ordering at 12K. The PrCSCNO sample is nonsuperconducting and shows two distinct orderings at 17K and 53K. No such magnetic phase transition is observed down to 2K in the Nd and La based RBCNO materials or the Nd, Sm, and Eu based RCSCNO materials. Measurements of the lower critical field curve, dc irreversibility line, and critical curent densities are reported for each of the superconducting NdCSCNO, SmCSCNO, and EuCSCNO compounds.     

Transport properties of oxygen-deficient YBa2Cu3O7−x thin films

We report on measurements of the in-plane resistivityρ and Hall coefficientR _H (B∥c) of various oxygen-deficient epitaxial films of YBa₂Cu₃O_7?x in the normal state. The superconducting transition temperaturesT _c of the samples vary from 14 to 90 K. Both the resistivity and the Hall coefficient exhibit a strong dependence on the oxygen content and the temperature. Asx increases,T _c decreases continuously, whileρ andR _H gradually increase in magnitude. Furthermore, also the characteristic linear dependences ofραT andR _Hα T ^?1 of the highly doped compounds changes to a nonlinear behavior for the samples withT _c lower than 60 K. The unusual doping and temperature dependence ofR _H will be compared to the predictions of our calculations, based on a two-dimensional tight-binding model using the relaxation-time approximation. The model considers also the next-nearest-neighbor hopping, which strongly influences the predicted Hall coefficient. Additionally, the cotangent of the Hall angle cot(Θ _H ) is discussed in the framework of the two-dimensional Luttinger liquid theory.     

Structural determination of N-2''-hydroxyoctadecenoyl-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-9-methyl-4, 8-sphingadienine from species of Aspergillus

The barrier function, surface biochemistry, and morphology of confluent monolayers of endothelial cells isolated from different segments of the bovine lung vasculature [microvessels (BLMVEC), vein (BPVEC) and artery (BPAEC)] were grown in culture and compared. A number of common cell surface proteins were identified along with two proteins of 46 and 48 kDa found exclusively on BPVEC. Lectin affinity chromatography revealed multiple glycosylation differences. The lectins, Arachis hypogaea (AHA) and Lycopersicum esculentum (LEA) agglutinins, interacted with several glycoproteins of BLMVEC but not of BPAEC. Bandeiraea simplicifolia (BS-1) and Caragana arborescens (CAA) agglutinins recognized several glycoproteins of BPVEC and BPAEC but not BLMVEC. Permeabilities were much lower for BLMVEC than BPAEC or BPVEC monolayers, with a range of about 16-fold less for sucrose to 2-fold less for albumin. Electron microscopy revealed that BLMVEC have a greater surface density of plasmalemmal vesicles (approximately 4-fold) and more extensively developed intercellular junctions with more focal membrane adhesion sites per junction (approximately 9-fold) than the other cells. We conclude that: i) BLMVEC monolayers form a much more restrictive barrier to molecular transport as a result of the tighter junctional formation; and ii) endothelial surface glycoproteins may be differentially glycosylated depending on their segmental location within the vasculature.