北京中心镇工业用地规划的调查和反思

随着改革开放的深化,我国城市化进程逐步加快,这给广大村镇的发展带来了无限生机。在北京,市政府于2000年确定了郊区33个条件较好的小城镇作为中心镇进行重点建设,这使得中心镇的地位和作用越发显得重要,并逐渐成为了联系农村与城市发展中的关键一环。当前,北京中心镇的集聚功能、经济带动、辐射功能和吸纳农村富余劳动力、带动农民增收这三大功能得到一定发挥。但与此同时,北京中心镇的建设又存在着一些问题:如发育程度低、规模小,集聚程度低,经济实力较弱,产业层次不高,发展不平衡等问题突出。尤其在产业发展和工业用地规划等方面的问题值…     

A novel application of TPAD-MBR system to the pilot treatment of chemical synthesis-based pharmaceutical wastewater

A pilot-scale test was conducted with a two-phase anaerobic digestion (TPAD) system and a subsequential membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating chemical synthesis-based pharmaceutical wastewater. The TPAD system comprised a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket-anaerobic filter (UASBAF), working as the acidogenic and methanogenic phases, respectively. The wastewater was high in COD, varying daily between 5789 and 58,792 mg L(-1), with a wide range of pH from 4.3 to 7.2. The wastewater was pumped at a fixed flow rate of 1m(3)h(-1) through the CSTR, the UASBAF and the MBR in series, resulting in respective HRTs of 12, 55 and 5h. Almost all the COD was removed by the TPAD-MBR system, leaving a COD of around 40 mg L(-1) in the MBR effluent. The pH of the MBR effluent was found in a narrow range of 6.8-7.6, indicating that the MBR effluent can be directly discharged into natural waters. A model, built on the back propagation neural network (BPNN) theory and linear regression techniques, was developed for the simulation of TPAD-MBR system performance in the biodegradation of chemical synthesis-based pharmaceutical wastewater. The model well fitted the laboratory data, and was able to simulate the removal of COD.     

建筑结构小节拍均衡流水施工的实践

本文叙述了小节拍均衡流水施工的技术、经济效果;充分利用施工作业面,缩短工期;加快模板周转,大大减少模板投入量;有利于专业化劳动组织,提高操作的熟练程度和工时利用率。     

费改税后公路客运车型选用方法的研究--以山东省公路客运为例

本文以净现值最小为目标函数,提出了旨在确定费改税政策实施后客运车辆选型的βmin(最低实载率)模型和NPVmax (最大净现值) 模型。利用在山东省18家国有道路客运企业588辆中、高档客车的主要技术经济指标调查结果,以费改税政策实施后的公路客运成本为条件,对公路客车投入各类客运路线的技术经济效果进行了初步评价。本研究的结果对于指导公路客运车辆的宏观选型具有一定的指导意义。     

Mechanical behavior of micaceous clays

This study aims to investigate the effect of mica content on the mechanical properties of clays.Commercially available ground mica was blended with a locally available clayey soil,at varying nica contents by mass of 5%,10%,15%,20%,25% and 30%,to artificially prepare various micaceous clay blends.The preliminary testing phase included consistency limits and standard Proctor compaction tests.The primary testing program consisted of unconfined compression(UC),direct shear(DS) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) tests.The test results showed that the liquid and plastic limits exhibited a linear,monotonically increasing trend with increase in mica content.The rate of increase in the plastic limit,however,was found to be greater than that of the liquid limit,thereby leading to a gradual transition towards a non-plastic,cohesionless character.The soft,spongy fabric and high water demand of the mica mineral led to higher optimum water contents and lower maximum dry unit weights with increasing mica content.Under low confinement conditions,i.e.the UC test and the DS test at low normal stresses,the shear strength was adversely affected by mica.However,the closer packing of the clay and mica components in the matrix under high confinement conditions offsets the adverse effects of mica by inducing frictional resistance at the shearing interface,thus leading to improved strength resistance.     

Predictions of nitrate diffusion in sediment using horizontal attenuated total reflection (HATR) by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry

Using a novel and simple method based on horizontal attenuated total reflection (HATR) by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, the effective diffusion coefficient, De, of nitrate in a contaminated anthropogenic sediment was estimated as 7.34 x 10(-6)cm2 s(-1). This method, which requires as little as 1 mL of sediment sample, was able to measure the De of a chemical species with a reproducibility of +/-3% in about 5h. Based on this De and a pre-determined nitrate reduction rate, the profiles of nitrate concentration in two sediment columns were satisfactorily predicted from a mathematical model. Results showed that the profile in this aged sediment depended mainly on the diffusion of nitrate and, only to a much lesser degree, the rate of nitrate reduction. Measurements in 55 anthropogenic sediment samples collected from five locations and various depths of a contaminated site further showed that the De of nitrate increased linearly with the water content of the sediment, but decreased with the sediment density. The technique demonstrated in this study shall be applicable for the risk assessment of toxic pollutants in contaminated sediments, and for planning the spatial and time intervals of nitrate injection strategy in bioremediation.     

Speciation of selenium in plant water extracts by ion exchange chromatography-hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry

Determination of selenium (Se) speciation in plants is important in studying the bioavailability and toxicity of Se in Se-contaminated soil/sediment. In this study, we used an anion exchange resin (Dowex 1-10X) to separate Se into non-amino acid organic Se, Se-amino acids, selenite (Se [IV]) and selenate (Se [VI]) in a plant (Stanleya pinnata) extract. The hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) was used to determine concentrations of these Se compounds in plant extracts. Results showed that Se compounds can be quantitatively separated by the resin column. Recovery of five spiked standard Se compounds (trimethylselenonium ion (TMSe+), dimethylselenoxide (DMSeO), selenomethionine (Semet), Se [IV] and Se [VII]) in the plant extract ranged from 92.9 to 103%. Water extractable Se accounted for 60.4-72.6% of the total Se in the plant. Among the soluble Se compounds in the plant extract, Se-amino acids were 73-85.5%, Se [VI] ranged from 7.5 to 19.5% and non-amino acid organic Se was less than 7%. Se [IV] in most samples was below the detection limit (1 microg/g). This study showed that considerable amounts of the accumulated Se [VI] in the plant was metabolized to Se-amino acids during growth of the plant.     

简易自动喷水灭火系统在中小型场所中的应用

通过中小型场所的火灾实体模拟试验,说明了在中小型场所中设置简易自动喷水灭火系统的可行性和重要性。     

建筑科学“三个走向”的发展趋势——走向自然共生、走向公共大众、走向地域文化

本文提出建筑科学大范围内发展趋势的“三个走向”,即走向自然共生、走向公共大众、走向地域文化,并以新世纪的新建筑实例说明这“三个走向”的发展趋势,这也是落实可持续发展战略的中心内容。     

北京远南大厦设计及其成败得失

介绍了北京南大厦供暖，空调通风，机械排风以及防排烟系统的设计概况，总结了设计中的成功经验，并结合运行情况，提出了一些在设计，生产，施工安装中应注意的问题。