Carbon Black-Supported Single-Atom Co?N?C as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst for H2O2 Production in Acidic Media and Microbial Fuel Cell in Neutral Media

Single metal atom isolated in nitrogen-doped carbon materials (M N C) are effective electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which produces H₂O₂ or H₂O via 2-electron or 4-electron process. However, most of M N C catalysts can only present high selectivity for one product, and the selectivity is usually regulated by complicated structure design. Herein, a carbon black-supported Co N C catalyst (CB@Co N C) is synthesized. Tunable 2-electron/4-electron behavior is realized on CB@Co-N-C by utilizing its H₂O₂ yield dependence on electrolyte pH and catalyst loading. In acidic media with low catalyst loading, CB@Co N C presents excellent mass activity and high selectivity for H₂O₂ production. In flow cell with gas diffusion electrode, a H₂O₂ production rate of 5.04 mol h⁻¹ g⁻¹ is achieved by CB@Co N C on electrolyte circulation mode, and a long-term H₂O₂ production of 200 h is demonstrated on electrolyte non-circulation mode. Meanwhile, CB@Co N C exhibits a dominant 4-electron ORR pathway with high activity and durability in pH neutral media with high catalyst loading. The microbial fuel cell using CB@Co N C as the cathode catalyst shows a peak power density close to that of benchmark Pt/C catalyst.     

Regulating Fe Aggregation State via Unique Fe?N?V Pre-Coordination to Optimize the Adsorption-Catalysis Effect in High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) suffer from uncontrollable shuttling behavior of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs: Li₂S_x, 4 ≤ x ≤8) and the sluggish reaction kinetics of bidirectional liquid-solid transformations, which are commonly coped through a comprehensive adsorption-catalysis strategy. Herein, a unique Fe N V pre-coordination is introduced to regulate the content of “dissociative Fe³⁺” in liquid phase, realizing the successful construction of N-doped micro-mesoporous “urchin-like” hollow carbon nanospheres decorated with single atom Fe-N₄ sites and VN nanoparticles (denoted as SA-Fe/VN@NMC). The strong chemisorption ability toward LiPSs and catalyzed Li₂S decomposition behavior on VN, along with the boosted reaction kinetics for sulfur reduction on SA-Fe sites are experimentally and theoretically evidenced. Moreover, the nanoscale-neighborhood distribution of VN and SA-Fe active sites presents synergistic effect for the anchoring-reduction-decomposition process of sulfur species. Thus SA-Fe/VN@NMC presents an optimized adsorption-catalysis effect for the whole sulfur conversion. Therefore, the SA-Fe/VN@NMC based Li-S cells exhibit high cyclic stability (a low decay of 0.024% per cycle over 700 cycles at 1 C, sulfur content: 70 wt%) and considerable rate performance (683.2 mAh g⁻¹ at 4 C). Besides, a high areal capacity of 5.06 mAh cm⁻² is retained after 100 cycles under the high sulfur loading of 5.6 mg cm⁻². This work provides a new perspective to design the integrated electrocatalysts comprising hetero-formed bimetals in LSBs.     

航天级双读数多圈绝对式光电编码器设计

利用多圈光电编码器具有体积小、量程大以及数字量输出等优点,设计了基于双读数系统的航天级多圈绝对式光电编码器。根据航天相机的精度要求,采用精度高、分辨率高的绝对式矩阵玻璃码盘作为一级码盘完成角度测量;根据电机转动的计数要求,采用重量轻,体积小的绝对式矩阵金属码盘作为二级码盘完成对一级码盘的转动圈数计数;其具有的双狭缝及双读数系统可实现信号处理电路冷备份。按照鉴定级航天产品要求,通过热学环境实验和力学环境实验对编码器性能进行了验证。实验结果表明,所设计的编码器精度范围为±100″内、分辨率为80″、测量圈数为16圈、外形尺寸为φ50 mm×50 mm、重量为270 g,稳定性高、可靠性强,且满足高分辨率航天设备设计指标。     

样本容量对子孔径拼接检测精度影响的分析

应用数理统计理论及线性回归分析方法详细分析了在子孔径拼接检测中样本容量对测量精度的影响,通过计算确定了当子孔径拼接干涉检测中样本容量大于10 4时,即可保证检测精度,又能减小计算的复杂程度。     

光纤Bragg光栅地震检波器的研究

由光纤Bragg光栅制成的地震检波器,其采集的传感信息包含在波长上,直接对波长进行调制解调,具有分辨率高、精度高、抗干扰能力强和频带宽等优点.文章研究了光纤Bragg光栅地震检波器,给出其重要参数,并提出了一种新的光纤Bragg光栅地震检波器的解调方案.为光纤Bragg光栅地震检波器的研究以及实际应用提供了依据.     

基于0.18 μm CMOS工艺的超高速比较器

给出了基于TSMC 0．18μm CMOS工艺的1．8V超高速比较器的设计方案；对比较器速度和失调进行综合，设计了一个1GHz超高速低失调比较器；通过Monte Carlo仿真，验证该比较器的失调电压分布范围为-4．5～4．5mV，并进行了版图设计。该比较器应用于低电压A／D转换器设计中，可达到6位以上的精度。     

废退锡液处理方法进展

目前,废退锡液的处理方法有中和法、化学沉淀法、电解法,或用来制备三水合锡酸钡。而利用扩散渗析-离子膜电沉积组合工艺综合回收废退锡液中的硝酸、金属铜和锡是一种新型的处理方法。     

A Novel Color Image Segmentation Approach Based on Neutrosophic Set and Modified Fuzzy c-Means

Color image segmentation is an important technique in image processing, pattern recognition and computer vision. Many segmentation algorithms have been proposed. However, it is still a complex task especially when there are noises in the images, which have not been studied in much detail. Neutrosophic set (NS) studies the origin, nature, and scope of neutralities. In this paper, we apply NS in the color image and define some new concepts. A directional α-mean operation is proposed to reduce the set indeterminacy. The fuzzy c-means clustering method is improved by integrating with NS and employed for the color image segmentation. The computation of membership and the clustering termination criterion are redefined accordingly. Moreover, a validity criterion is employed to determine the optimal clustering number. Numerical experiments serve to illustrate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed approach. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach can segment color images automatically and effectively, produce good results as favorably compared to some existing algorithms. The optimal clustering number is determined automatically and no prior knowledge is required. Especially, it can segment both images with the simple and distinct objects and the images with complex and noisy objects, which is the most difficult task for color image segmentation.     

Vesicle‐Assisted Assembly of Mesoporous Ce‐Doped Pd Nanospheres with a Hollow Chamber and Enhanced Catalytic Efficiency

Mesoporous Ce‐doped Pd nanospheres with a hollow chamber are synthesized by chemical reduction of PdCl₂ with KBH₄ in an aqueous solution containing Ce(NO₃)₃ and Bu₄PBr. The later acts as a template for the hollow chamber via forming organic vesicles. During the liquid‐phase phenol hydrogenation to cyclohexanone, the as‐prepared catalyst exhibits a much‐higher activity than the corresponding solid nanoparticle catalyst prepared in the absence of Bu₄PBr. Meanwhile, the Ce dopants greatly enhance the activity and selectivity to cyclohexanone. The hollow chamber is quite stable against heating in solution and the catalyst could be used repetitively many times. Such a catalyst shows a good potential in industrial applications.     

Graphene Oxide‐Cyclic R10 Peptide Nuclear Translocation Nanoplatforms for the Surmounting of Multiple‐Drug Resistance

Multidrug resistance resulting from a variety of defensive pathways in cancer has become a global concern with a considerable impact on the mortality associated with the failure of traditional chemotherapy. Therefore, further research and new therapies are required to overcome this challenge. In this work, a cyclic R10 peptide (cR₁₀) is conjugated to polyglycerol‐covered nanographene oxide to engineer a nanoplatform for the surmounting of multidrug resistance. The nuclear translocation of the nanoplatform, facilitated by cR₁₀ peptide, and subsequently, a laser‐triggered release of the loaded doxorubicin result in efficient anticancer activity confirmed by both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The synthesized nanoplatform with a combination of different features, including active nucleus‐targeting, high‐loading capacity, controlled release of cargo, and photothermal property, provides a new strategy for circumventing multidrug resistant cancers.