A 3.16–7 GHz transformer-based dual-band CMOS VCO

A dual-band, wide tuning range voltage-controlled oscillator that uses transformer-based fourth-order(LC) resonator with a compact common-centric layout is presented. Compared with the traditional wide band(VCO), it can double frequency tuning range without degrading phase noise performance. The relationship between the coupling coefficient of the transformer, selection of frequency bands, and the quality factor at each band is investigated. The transformer used in the resonator is a circular asymmetric concentric topology. Compared with conventional octagon spirals, the proposed circular asymmetric concentric transformer results in a higher qualityfactor, and hence a lower oscillator phase noise. The VCO is designed and fabricated in a 0.18- m CMOS technology and has 75% wide tuning range of 3.16–7.01 GHz. Depending on the oscillation frequency, the VCO current consumption is adjusted from 4.9 to 6.3 m A. The measured phase noises at 1 MHz offset from carrier frequencies of 3.1, 4.5, 5.1, and 6.6 GHz are –122.5, –113.3, –110.1, and –116.8 d Bc/Hz, respectively. The chip area, including the pads, is 1.20.62 mm2 and the supply voltage is 1.8 V.     

SF_6分解产物测试在330kV断路器故障排除中的应用

本文对一起典型的断路器SF6分解产物异常进行了研究分析。通过对断路器内部的测试分析,发现了设备重大安全隐患,确保了设备的运行安全,是一起SF6气体标志性分解产物发现设备内部故障的典型案例。对充SF6气体设备的运行、维护及试验检测具有借鉴意义。     

传输线中趋肤效应的介绍及仿真

受趋肤效应的影响,在导线中分别流经高频电流和直流电流时,在导线横街面上的电流密度分布情况截然不同。详细介绍了趋肤效应的理论基础、考虑趋肤深度时导线电阻的计算公式,并利用Ansoft Maxwell电磁场仿真软件分别对圆形导线和矩形导线2种导线在不同频率情况下的趋肤效应进行了建模仿真,得出了导线的趋肤效应现象图。并通过对比不同频率时导线横截面的电流密度分布情况,验证了随着频率的升高,趋肤深度将越小,导线的电阻损耗越大。     

石化企业爆炸危险区域电气接地现状与问题分析

概述了石化企业爆炸危险区域电气接地分类及作用,分析了企业供电系统接地、防雷接地、防静电接地及仪表控制系统接地现状及相关标准规范要求,探讨了石化企业在接地设计、施工及接地检测等方面存在常见问题并提出了相应的建议。     

蒸汽参数变化对汽轮机系统稳定性影响的机理分析

与广域的互联大电网相比,小型及微型电力系统具有能源综合利用效率高的优点。但小型汽轮机变工况运行频繁,蒸汽参数变化范围大。为了分析蒸汽参数对汽轮机系统稳定性的影响,通过对汽轮机工作机理的研究,建立了汽轮发电机组电磁功率随蒸汽压力变化的数学模型,避免了水蒸气的熵和焓等复杂物理量的测量。研究了蒸汽受限时,汽轮机入口蒸汽压力的变化过程;分析了给定系统在蒸汽受限时的安全稳定域,给出了极限时间与蒸汽受限严重程度、带载量的关系式。该成果对于实际运行中蒸汽受限时的紧急切负荷控制具有重要的指导意义。     

Fabrication of Transparent Dysprosium Aluminum Garnet (Dy3Al5O12) Ceramics via a Solid‐State Reaction Method

Polycrystalline, transparent Dy₃Al₅O₁₂ ceramics were firstly fabricated by a solid‐state reaction method using high‐purity Dy₂O₃ and Al₂O₃ powders. The fully dense Dy₃Al₅O₁₂ ceramic with an average grain size of less than 10 μm was obtained by vacuum sintering at 1820°C for 6 h. The in‐line transmittance of the optimized sample reaches 80% in the visible region. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that no secondary phases and almost no pores are observed at grain boundaries or triple junctions, and the fracture mode of the ceramic is mainly transgranular. The Dy₃Al₅O₁₂ ceramic is promising for magneto‐optical applications. Verdet constant of the Dy₃Al₅O₁₂ transparent ceramic is as high as ?0.41 min·(Oe·cm)^?1.     

Examination of the Causes of Instability of Soy Protein Isolate During Storage Through Probing of the Heat‐Induced Aggregation

This study investigated the mechanism of instability of soy protein isolate (SPI) as influenced by thermal aggregation during SPI preparation. Samples with different degrees of aggregation but similar protein solubility were prepared by heating native SPI (5 % w/v) at 80 or 90 °C for different times before spray‐drying. The samples were then stored at 37 °C for up to 12 weeks and analyzed periodically by atomic force microscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and SDS–PAGE. All SPI samples underwent remarkable protein solubility decreases during the first 8 weeks of storage. The rates of solubility loss were positively correlated with the amounts and/or sizes of soluble aggregates contained in the initial samples (time zero), suggesting their nucleation and activation effects. Solubility tests in SDS–urea solutions and disulfide analysis indicated that non‐covalent interactions were the main driving forces for protein storage instability. Conversely, disulfide bonds and protein carbonyls were abundant in soluble aggregates, and their content increased markedly during storage. This effect suggested that covalent linkages acted as blockers for hydrophobic aggregation.     

一种Boost型双输入推挽全桥双向DC/DC变换器

在多输入双向变换器应用需求逐渐增多的背景下,介绍了一种Boost型双向双输入推挽全桥DC/DC变换器的电路拓扑,由于采用了双向脉冲电流源单元,拓扑结构得到简化,元器件数量较少、降低了系统的成本,并且变压器起到了良好的隔离作用。详细分析了拓扑的五种工作模态,具有实际应用价值,推导了拓扑的输入输出关系。最后分析了仿真和实验结果,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

Computational thermodynamics in electric current metallurgy

Abstract

A priori derivation for the extra free energy caused by the passing electric current in metal is presented. The analytical expression and its discrete format in support of the numerical calculation of thermodynamics in electric current metallurgy have been developed. This enables the calculation of electric current distribution, current induced temperature distribution and free energy sequence of various phase transitions in multiphase materials. The work is particularly suitable for the study of magnetic materials that contain various magnetic phases. The latter has not been considered in literature. The method has been validated against the analytical solution of current distribution and experimental observation of microstructure evolution. It provides a basis for the design, prediction and implementation of the electric current metallurgy. The applicability of the theory is discussed in the derivations.