短程硝化-强化生物除磷序批式反应器处理畜禽养殖废水

畜禽养殖废水有机物水质水量变化大,有机物、氨氮与磷的浓度较高,直接排放会严重危害环境。通过构建厌氧-好氧序批式反应器（SBR）处理预酸化畜禽养殖废水,分析了不同进水负荷条件下反应器对污染物的去除性能和微生物群落结构的变化规律。结果表明：SBR反应器对高负荷进水中TN、PO^3-₄—P和COD的平均去除率可分别达到64.5%、97.5%和94.5%。反应器出现NH⁺₄—N和NO₂—N亚硝酸同时积累的短程硝化现象,这可能与高进水负荷对氨氧化菌和亚硝酸盐氧化菌的活性和种群的影响有关。与乙酸盐相比,以丙酸盐作碳源时污泥的强化生物除磷活性更高。随着进水负荷的增大,聚糖菌（GAOs）的相对丰度明显升高。四联球状菌（Tetrasphaera）为反应器中始终占优势的聚磷菌（PAOs）,对反应器除磷性能有重要贡献。在高有机负荷条件下,SBR内PAOs与GAOs之间不存在明显的底物竞争关系,系统脱氮除磷性能未受影响。     

Enhanced Thermal Stability of Zinc-Based Titanate (Dielectric) Ceramics Prepared by the Modified Sol–gel Route

A multi-component substitution of Co and Ni was incorporated into ZnTiO₃ to form pure hexagonal Zn_{1− x} (Co_1/2Ni_1/2) _x TiO₃ ( x =0,0.8,0.9,1.0) dielectric ceramic powders by a modified sol–gel route, following heat treatments at 600°C for 3 h and at 800°C for 6 h. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements revealed that the order of increasing thermal stability of solid solution compound Zn_{1− x} (Co_1/2Ni_1/2) _x TiO₃ was ZnTiO₃ (945°C), Zn_0.1Ni_0.9TiO₃ (1346°C), Zn_0.1(Co_1/2Ni_1/2)_0.9TiO₃ (1390°C), and Zn_0.1Co_0.9TiO₃ (>1400°C). Both the dielectric constant and loss tangent reached a maximum at x =0.8 and then decreased with solubility, x , and measurement frequency.     

聚丙烯/BA原位聚合改性MMT纳米复合材料的DSC分析与力学性能

通过原位聚合制备了聚丙烯酸丁酯 (PBA )改性蒙脱土 (MMT ) ,与聚丙烯 (PP)熔融复合制成PP/MMT纳米复合材料 ,系统地研究了复合材料的熔融、结晶行为和力学性能。结果表明 :随着处理MMT的BA用量的增加 ,PP/MMT纳米复合材料中PP相的结晶度、熔点和结晶温度明显提高 ,结晶速度加快 ;复合材料的拉伸强度变化不大 ,但拉伸模量和冲击强度有显著提高。当BA/OMMT质量比为 1/ 12左右时 ,复合材料的韧性趋于平衡值 ,而拉伸模量出现最大值     

在线超声电氧化Mn(Ⅱ)的研究

对铅电极上在线超声电氧化Mn(Ⅱ)为Mn(Ⅲ)的反应机理进行了研究.结果表明Mn(Ⅱ)在铅电极上的超声电氧化过程与未施加超声波时氧化机理相同,Mn(Ⅱ)都不是直接与铅电极进行电子交换,而是被电极上所生成的PbO2所氧化;探讨了超声波功率和电解电流对Mn(Ⅱ)氧化的影响,实验发现二者对其影响不是呈线性关系.在其优化条件下,Mn(Ⅱ)被氧化为Mn(Ⅲ)的收率可达到98.41%.     

黑方台焦家4号黄土滑坡发育特征及滑动机理

20世纪60年代以来,大量的灌溉系统在黄土地区建设运营,解决了农业的干旱问题,但同时灌溉也诱发了大量的滑坡。其中,2015年1月28日20:00,甘肃省永靖县焦家村发生了一起中等规模的黄土滑坡,滑坡严重影响其下方309国道线和六盘峡水库的安全。采用对裂缝分布、水文地质的调查,结合低空摄影测量、精细工程地质测绘、室内三轴试验等研究方法,对焦家4号滑坡的基本特征进行了分析,对形成滑坡的成灾机理有了初步认识。结果表明:(1)滑坡发生前,后缘裂缝有明显的变形情况;(2)滑坡滑动距离为548.3 m,体积为15.35万m~3,面积为6.6万m~2;(3)饱和黄土应力应变模式表现为强烈的应变软化剪缩型,并具有一定的静态液化特性;(4)滑坡是饱和黄土层静态液化引起的。     

分流叶片对离心泵内部固液两相流的影响

为了研究分流叶片对离心泵内部固液两相流的影响,建立固液两相流模型,对无分流叶片离心泵和3种带分流叶片的离心泵进行全流道非定常数值模拟。重点分析了添加分流叶片对离心泵外特性、叶片表面压力脉动、叶片表面颗粒体积分数分布、叶片表面颗粒滑移速度的影响。分析结果表明:添加分流叶片以后,离心泵的扬程和效率均有显著的提高,叶片表面的颗粒分布更加均匀,叶片表面颗粒的滑移速度有不同程度的下降,使颗粒对叶片表面的磨损程度得以降低;当分流叶片的进口直径为0.65D2时,叶片出水边处的压力脉动幅值最小,减小了离心泵在运行过程中的振动和噪声。     

W2-3乙烯基酯树脂在精细化工中的应用

研究了W2-3酚醛环氧乙烯基酯树脂在精细化工生产的许多环节中的防腐蚀应用,对实际工程应用提出了一些建议.     

有机硅高沸物制备β-SiC粉体的初步研究

以有机硅高沸物为原料高温热解制备β—SiC粉体。实验证明：有机硅高沸物在1450℃下晶化2h，可以得到晶型较好的β—SiC，用Pt和FeSO4作为复合催化剂可有效提高有机硅高沸物的陶瓷转化率。     

Making sky lanterns from polygonal meshes

Releasing sky lanterns is a popular way of celebrating festivals and ceremonies in the Asian countries. This paper presents a computer-aided approach to help novice users to design flyable sky lantern with desired shape. Given a closed up-right 3D model with a user-specified cutting on the bottom, our system optimizes the shape by regularizing the boundary, smoothing the geometry and improving the volume-to-area ratio to make it feasible for flying. The optimized shape is then approximated by a set of developable patches. Next, through a physical analysis step that tests the flying condition and determines the optimal size, the approximated shape is flattened into 2D patches, which can be printed out and glued together to form the airbag. Finally, the user can attach the airbag to a bamboo frame and assemble the fuel cell. We successfully apply our prototype system to design and construct real sky lanterns.     

Seasonal evolution of the interannual variability of chlorophyll-a concentration and its forcing factors in the northwestern Pacific from 1998 to 2010

The northwestern Pacific Ocean is a complex region with significant biological spatial variations on a seasonal timescale. To investigate the joint variation patterns on both seasonal and interannual timescales, a season-reliant empirical orthogonal function (S-EOF) analysis was applied to seasonal mean chlorophyll-a concentration (chl-a) anomalies in the northwestern Pacific Ocean during the period 1998–2010. The first two dominant modes accounted for nearly 31% of the total interannual variance, with the second S-EOF mode (S-EOF2) lagging behind the first S-EOF mode (S-EOF1) by one year. S-EOF1 featured a strong variation pattern to the north of 30° N, with maximum chl-a in winter and minimum chl-a in summer. However, S-EOF2 indicated an opposite seasonally evolving pattern compared with S-EOF1, with chl-a increasing along the Kuroshio and extension current from boreal winter to autumn. Both these modes revealed significant relationships with climate-related indices. The two modes corresponded to the central Pacific (CP) La Niña developing episodes and the turnaround from eastern Pacific (EP) La Niña to CP El Niño, respectively. Both modes were associated with the cold phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, which played an important role in prolonging the impact of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation on chl-a seasonal evolution from 1998 to 2010. In addition, we discuss the possible factors dominating chl-a seasonal variation, in terms of the subregions of the northwestern Pacific Ocean. In the subtropical northwestern Pacific Ocean (15° N – 30° N), the chl-a growth was primarily nutrient-limited, whereas in the mid-latitude northwestern Pacific Ocean (35° N – 50° N), the chl-a growth was mainly light-limited.