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991.
Z. J. Yang E. Harkin‐Jones G. H. Menary C. G. Armstrong 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2004,44(7):1379-1390
A non‐isothermal finite element (FE) model for the injection stretch‐blow molding (ISBM) process of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles is presented in this paper. The constitutive behavior of PET is modeled by the physically based Buckley glass‐rubber model in form of UMAT in ABAQUS. The heat transfer between the stretch rod, the preform, and the mold is modeled. Particular attention is paid to thermal and contact modeling, material model, and selection of proper element types. Extensive FE simulations are carried out to model ISBM of a 20 g‐330 ml bottle made in plant tests. Comparisons of numerical results with the measurements demonstrate that the model can satisfactorily predict the bottle thickness and material distributions. Significant nonlinear differentials are found in strain, temperature, and temperature reduction rate in both bottle thickness and length direction during the process. A volume approach is therefore necessary for accurate predictions of final bottle properties because they are governed by orientation and crystallinity, which are highly temperature and strain dependent. Parametric studies on contact modeling and heat transfer coefficient are also conducted and the results are discussed. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:1379–1390, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers. 相似文献
992.
本文通过SO_2在钒催化剂熔融液相中反应特性的分析,提出了一种新的液相反应机理及液相反应本征动力学模型.再将液相传质与液相本征动力学模型结合得到“微观”动力学模型,避开了液相有效因子的复杂求解.认为不同温度范围必需建立不同的模型.在推导S_(101)型工业催化剂原粒的宏观动力学模型中,采用了简化的孔扩散模型.根据对实验数据的回归,得到两温度段的宏观动力学模型如下:r_1=k_1po(_2)~318pso(_2)~112[(1-3/2β)~112/(1+k_1(pso_3/pso_2)~(1/2)]~112(高温段)r_2=k_2po(_2)~114pso(_2)~112[(1-3/2β)~112/(1+k_1(pso_3/pso_2)~(1/2)]~112 (低温段) 相似文献
993.
Z. Jane Wang 《Asian journal of control》2014,16(2):623-627
We consider continuous‐time LTI systems with either unknown‐input or with lack of information about the input and output derivatives. We compute the unknown‐input observability subspace and the observability subspace with unknown derivatives of input and output. We first formulate the unknown‐input observability subspace via projection matrices, then show that through having the unknown‐input observability subspace, one can easily evaluate the effect of known input and output signals but unknown derivatives on the observability subspace. Our method is demonstrated on the dynamics of a longitudinal aircraft in steady‐state flight. 相似文献
994.
Claudia Szabo Quan Z. Sheng Trent Kroeger Yihong Zhang Jian Yu 《Journal of Grid Computing》2014,12(2):245-264
An important challenge for the adoption of cloud computing in the scientific community remains the efficient allocation and execution of data-intensive scientific workflows to reduce execution time and the size of transferred data. The transferred data overhead is becoming significant with emerging scientific workflows that have input/output files and intermediate data products ranging in the hundreds of gigabytes. The allocation of scientific workflows on public clouds can be described through a variety of perspectives and parameters, and has been proved to be NP-complete. This paper proposes an evolutionary approach for task allocation on public clouds considering data transfer and execution time. In our framework, a solution is represented using an allocation chromosome that encodes the allocation of tasks to nodes, and an ordering chromosome that defines the execution order according to the scientific workflow representation. We propose a multi-objective optimization that relies on a cloud cost model and employs tailored evolution operators. Starting from a population of possible solutions, we employ crossover and mutation operators on both chromosomes aiming at optimizing the data transferred between nodes as well as the total workflow runtime. The crossover operators combine parts of solutions to reduce data overhead, whereas the mutation operators swamp between parts of the same chromosome according to pre-defined rules. Our experimental study compares between the proposed approach and current state-of-the art approaches using synthetic and real-life workflows. Our algorithm performs similarly to existing heuristics for small workflows and shows up to 80 % improvements for larger synthetic workflows. To further validate our approach we compare between the allocation and scheduling obtained by our approach with that obtained by popular scientific workflow managers, when real workflows with hundreds of tasks are executed on a public cloud. The results show a 10 % improvement in runtime over existing schedulers, caused by a 80 % reduction in transferred data and optimized allocation and ordering of tasks. This improved data locality has greater impact as it can be employed to improve and study data provenance and facilitate data persistence for scientific workflows. 相似文献
995.
The results of a metallographic study of cathodic copper deposition on 316 stainless steel are presented. In magnetically assisted d.c. electrolysis, characteristic screen-type deposition patterns are observed. Simultaneous hydrogen evolution causes tunnel-type deposits at 30–45° to the horizontal.Nomenclature
B
z
magnetic flux density, vertical field lines pointing downwards
-
C
electrolyte concentration
- CVD
cell voltage drop
-
i
c
cathode current density
-
s
cathode-anode separation distance
-
T
temperature
-
t
e
length of electrolysis time 相似文献
996.
G. L. Chen C. Guyon Z. X. Zhang B. Da Silva P. Da Costa S. Ognier D. Bonn M. Tatoulian 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2014,16(1-2):141-148
In this paper, tricobalt tetraoxide (Co3O4) catalyst was coated on the polydimethylsiloxane microchannel by the plasma-enhanced metal-organic chemical vapor deposition technology. The obtained Co3O4 film was characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS, and TEM, and the results show that the as-deposited Co3O4 film was initially composed of many cauliflowers-shaped microclusters. Also, the microcauliflower was transformed from an amorphous phase to a crystal phase when the Co3O4 film was treated by Ar and O2 plasma for more than 20 min, and the crystal lattice line occurred on the surface of nano-sized-Co3O4 particles. Meanwhile, the interface of Co3O4 particles with diameter between 3 and 12 nm became obvious and some nano-catkin structures were also formed on the Co3O4 film. The ratio of Co3+/Co2+ in the spinel-type Co3O4 was nearly 2, and the nano-particles predominantly expose their {311}, {111}, and {220} planes. These morphologies and structure characteristics were found to be ideal for increasing the catalytic activity efficiency of Co3O4 for CO oxidation, and the catalytic stability of Co3O4 coated on the organic microreactor lasted nearly 85 h for trace CO oxidation at room temperature. 相似文献
997.
998.
999.
Sulface modification of lithium was carried out using the chemical reaction of the native film with acids (HF, H3PO4, HI, HCl) dissolved in propylene carbonate (PC). The chemical composition change of the lithium surface was detected using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrodeposition of lithium on the as-received lithium or the modified lithium was conducted in PC containing 1.0 mol dm–3 LiClO4 or LiPF6 under galvanostatic conditions. The morphology of electrodeposited lithium particles was observed with scanning electron microscopy. The lithium dendrites were observed when lithium was deposited on the as-received lithium in both electrolytes. Moreover the dendrites were also formed on the lithium surface modified with H3PO4, HI, or HCl. On the other hand, spherical lithium particles were produced, when lithium was electrodeposited in PC containing 1.0 mol dm–3 LiPF6 on the lithium surface modified with HE However spherical lithium particles were not obtained, when PC containing 1.0 mol dm–3 LiClO4 was used as the electrolyte. The lithium surface modified by H3PO4, HI, or HCl was covered with a thick film consisting of Li3PO4, Li2CO3, LiOH, or Li2O. The lithium surface modified with HF was covered with a thin bilayer structure film consisting of LiF and Li2O. These results clearly show that the surface film having the thin bilayer structure (LiF and Li2O) and the use of PC containing 1.0 mol dm–3 LiPF6 enhance the suppression of dendrite formation of lithium. 相似文献
1000.
G.?BiresawEmail author A.?Adhvaryu S.?Z.?Erhan C.?J.?Carriere 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2002,79(1):53-58
The steel/steel boundary friction properties of soybean oil (SBO) and high-oleic soybean oil (HOSBO) are compared. HOSBO is
significantly more saturated than SBO and more oxidatively stable. Changes in degree of unsaturation affect lateral interactions
of adsorbate molecules, which in turn affects their adsorption and, hence, their boundary lubrication properties. To investigate
this possibility, the free energies of adsorption (ΔG
ads) of SBO, HOSBO, and methyl laurate (ML) were determined from the analysis of friction-derived adsorption isotherms using
the Langmuir and Temkin adsorption models. The results showed a stronger adsorption for the vegetable oils than for ML, an
indication of multiple interactions between the ester groups of the triglycerides and the steel surface. The result also showed
no difference in the ΔG
ads values of SBO and HOSBO obtained using either the Langmuir or Temkin models. This was interpreted as an indication of the
lack of appreciable net lateral interaction between triglyceride adsorbates. 相似文献