LiFePO4 Particles Embedded in Fast Bifunctional Conductor rGO&C@Li3V2(PO4)3 Nanosheets as Cathodes for High‐Performance Li‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors

The sluggish kinetics of Faradaic reactions in bulk electrodes is a significant obstacle to achieve high energy and power density in energy storage devices. Herein, a composite of LiFePO₄ particles trapped in fast bifunctional conductor rGO&C@Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ nanosheets is prepared through an in situ competitive redox reaction. The composite exhibits extraordinary rate capability (71 mAh g^?1 at 15 A g^?1) and remarkable cycling stability (0.03% decay per cycle over 1000 cycles at 10 A g^?1). Improved extrinsic pseudocapacitive contribution is the origin of fast kinetics, which endows this composite with high energy and power density, since the unique 2D nanosheets and embedded ultrafine LiFePO₄ nanoparticles can shorten the ion and electron diffusion length. Even applied to Li‐ion hybrid capacitors, the obtained devices still achieve high power density of 3.36 kW kg^?1 along with high energy density up to 77.8 Wh kg^?1. Density functional theory computations also validate that the remarkable rate performance is facilitated by the desirable ionic and electronic conductivity of the composite.     

Bone Plate Composed of a Ternary Nanohydroxyapatite/Polyamide 66/Glass Fiber Composite: Biocompatibility In Vivo and Internal Fixation for Canine Femur Fractures

Bone plates have been applied to fix fractures for over a hundred years. Metal plates are the gold standard. However, an increasing number of clinical practices and animal experiments have shown that metal plates have had incidents of failure due to their rigid fixation and long‐term complications. Degradable composites present the advantages of a lower elastic modulus and absorbable properties but are unsuitable for load‐bearing applications. Nondegradable bone plates composed of a nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide 66/glass fiber (n‐HA/PA66/GF) composite are prepared, which have enough strength and a low elastic modulus for an internal fixation device. To better assess its function as a bone plate, animal experiments are conducted using a canine load‐bearing femur fracture model. The results show that the n‐HA/PA66/GF plate can fix fractures effectively. Gross observation, radiographic films, and histological analysis all show that the n‐HA/PA66/GF plate leads to a secondary (indirect) union with obvious callus formation, whereas the titanium plate leads to primary (direct) union due to rigid fixation. Furthermore, the histological results reveal that new bone grows at the interface and that the n‐HA/PA66/GF plate can integrate with native bone tissue. Consequently, the n‐HA/PA66/GF composite shows good potential as a bone plate to fix loading‐bearing bone fractures.     

Associative Memory for Image Recovery with a High‐Performance Memristor Array

Associative memory is one of the significant characteristics of the biological brain. However, it has yet to be realized in a large memristor array due to the high requirements on the memristor device. In this work, the multilevel memristor cell is optimized by employing an electro‐thermal modulation layer. Memristor devices show both high resistance, cell‐to‐cell uniformity, and multilevel resistive switching behaviors with good reliability. A Hopfield neural network is experimentally demonstrated on a 1k memristor array that is capable of realizing the associative memory function for emotion image recovery. By using both asynchronous and synchronous refresh schemes, complete emotion images can be recalled from partial information.     

Size Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Nanoporous Graphene Networks

It is essential to understand the size scaling effects on the mechanical properties of graphene networks to realize the potential mechanical applications of graphene assemblies. Here, a “highly dense‐yet‐nanoporous graphene monolith (HPGM)” is used as a model material of graphene networks to investigate the dependence of mechanical properties on the intrinsic interplanar interactions and the extrinsic specimen size effects. The interactions between graphene sheets could be enhanced by heat treatment and the plastic HPGM is transformed into a highly elastic network. A strong size effect is revealed by in situ compression of micro‐ and nanopillars inside electron microscopes. Both the modulus and strength are drastically increased as the specimen size reduces to ≈100 nm, because of the reduced weak links in a small volume. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the deformation mechanism involving slip‐stick sliding, bending, buckling of graphene sheets, collapsing, and densification of graphene cells. In addition, a size‐dependent brittle‐to‐ductile transition of the HPGM nanopillars is discovered and understood by the competition between volumetric deformation energy and critical dilation energy.     

Transparent,Highly Stretchable,Rehealable, Sensing,and Fully Recyclable Ionic Conductors Fabricated by One‐Step Polymerization Based on a Small Biological Molecule

To date, various stretchable conductors have been fabricated, but simultaneous realization of the transparency, high stretchability, electrical conductivity, self‐healing capability, and sensing property through a simple, fast, cost‐efficient approach is still challenging. Here, α‐lipoic acid (LA), a naturally small biological molecule found in humans and animals, is used to fabricate transparent (>85%), electrical conductivity, highly stretchable (strain up to 1100%), and rehealable (mechanical healing efficiency of 86%, electrical healing efficiency of 96%) ionic conductor by solvent‐free one‐step polymerization. Furthermore, the ionic conductors with appealing sensitivity can be served as strain sensors to detect and distinguish various human activities. Notably, this ionic conductor can be fully recycled and reprocessed into new ionic conductors or adhesives by a direct heating process, which offers a promising prospect in great reduction of electronic wastes that have brought acute environmental pollution. In consideration of the extremely facile preparation process, biological available materials, satisfactory functionalities, and full recyclability, the emergence of LA‐based ionic conductors is believed to open up a new avenue for developing sustainable and wearable electronic devices in the future.     

Non-Flammable Liquid and Quasi-Solid Electrolytes toward Highly-Safe Alkali Metal-Based Batteries

Rechargeable alkali metal (i.e., lithium, sodium, potassium)-based batteries are considered as vital energy storage technologies in modern society. However, the traditional liquid electrolytes applied in alkali metal-based batteries mainly consist of thermally unstable salts and highly flammable organic solvents, which trigger numerous accidents related to fire, explosion, and leakage of toxic chemicals. Therefore, exploring non-flammable electrolytes is of paramount importance for achieving safe batteries. Although replacing traditional liquid electrolytes with all-solid-state electrolytes is the ultimate way to solve the above safety issues, developing non-flammable liquid electrolytes can more directly fulfill the current needs considering the low ionic conductivities and inferior interfacial properties of existing all-solid-state electrolytes. Moreover, the electrolyte leakage concern can be further resolved by gelling non-flammable liquid electrolytes to obtain quasi-solid electrolytes. Herein, a comprehensive review of the latest progress in emerging non-flammable liquid electrolytes, including non-flammable organic liquid electrolytes, aqueous electrolytes, and deep eutectic solvent-based electrolytes is provided, and systematically introduce their flame-retardant mechanisms and electrochemical behaviors in alkali metal-based batteries. Then, the gelation techniques for preparing quasi-solid electrolytes are also summarized. Finally, the remaining challenges and future perspectives are presented. It is anticipated that this review will promote a safety improvement of alkali metal-based batteries.     

Automatic detection and segmentation of lymph nodes from CT data

Lymph nodes are assessed routinely in clinical practice and their size is followed throughout radiation or chemotherapy to monitor the effectiveness of cancer treatment. This paper presents a robust learning-based method for automatic detection and segmentation of solid lymph nodes from CT data, with the following contributions. First, it presents a learning based approach to solid lymph node detection that relies on marginal space learning to achieve great speedup with virtually no loss in accuracy. Second, it presents a computationally efficient segmentation method for solid lymph nodes (LN). Third, it introduces two new sets of features that are effective for LN detection, one that self-aligns to high gradients and another set obtained from the segmentation result. The method is evaluated for axillary LN detection on 131 volumes containing 371 LN, yielding a 83.0% detection rate with 1.0 false positive per volume. It is further evaluated for pelvic and abdominal LN detection on 54 volumes containing 569 LN, yielding a 80.0% detection rate with 3.2 false positives per volume. The running time is 5-20 s per volume for axillary areas and 15-40 s for pelvic. An added benefit of the method is the capability to detect and segment conglomerated lymph nodes.     

接触接近式曝光机曝光方式浅析及实例

不同的曝光方式适应不同的曝光工艺,对接触接近式曝光机的曝光方式进行了研究,分析了不同曝光方式适用的场合。并给出了一个通过改进曝光方式实现曝光工艺的成功实例,进一步证明了将产品生产工艺知识融入到半导体设备设计研发过程中的必要性。     

基于嵌入式的物流管理无线PDA终端

系统实现了一个物流管理系统,系统由上位机程序、单片机、无线通信模块和PDA终端组成。上位机和PDA终端同时实现货物入库、出库及查询等功能。以数字化和自动化为理念,针对当前物流人工管理系统效率低问题,设计了一套解决方案,取得了较为理想的结果。     

Metal–Organic Framework Derived Narrow Bandgap Cobalt Carbide Sensitized Titanium Dioxide Nanocage for Superior Photo‐Electrochemical Water Oxidation Performance

Despite recent progress in photo‐electrochemical (PEC) water oxidation systems for TiO₂‐based photoanodes, PEC performance improvement is still seriously hampered due to poor carrier transport efficiency and sluggish surface water oxidation kinetics of pristine TiO₂. Herein, for the first time a brand new metal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived Co₃C nanosheet with narrow bandgap energy is demonstrated, to effectively sensitize TiO₂ hollow cages as a heterostructure photoanode for PEC water oxidation. It is found that MOF‐derived Co₃C nanosheet with narrow bandgap characteristic can simultaneously accelerate the surface water oxidation kinetics and extend the light harvesting range of pristine TiO₂. Meanwhile, a uniquely matched type‐II heterojunction constructed between MOF‐derived Co₃C and TiO₂ results in an evidently spontaneous e^?/h⁺ separation. MOF‐derived Co₃C/TiO₂ heterostructure photoanodes bring about drastically improved PEC water oxidation performance. Specifically, MOF‐derived Co₃C‐3/TiO₂ photoanode with an optimized content of Co₃C achieves the highest photocurrent density and charge separation efficiency of 2.6 mA cm^?2 and 92.6% at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, corresponding to 201% and 152% improvement compared with pristine TiO₂ nanocages. The ingeniously prepared MOF‐derived Co₃C carbide with narrow bandgap energy as a cocatalyst paves new way to construct potentially high performance solar‐energy conversion system.