Tragfähigkeit von Spannbeton‐Fertigdecken aus Plattenbauten der DDR und deren mögliche Wiederverwendung als Massivdach

Ultimate Loading Capacity of Former GDR's Precast Pre‐Stressed Concrete Slabs and Possible Reuse as Solid Roof Due to the city rebuilding of eastern Germany a large number of buildings made with precast concrete slabs, produced in the former GDR will be deconstruct. The removed slabs and concrete elements should be re‐used as a result of economical and environmental considerations. What happens to the concrete components under changed boundaries and geometry parameters is discussed within this paper. Especially the missing of any transverse reinforcement near the supports has been tested.     

Correlation of Ⅲ/Ⅴ semiconductor etch results with physical parameters of high-density reactive plasmas excited by electron cyclotron resonance

Reactive ion etching is the interaction of reactive plasmas with surfaces. To obtain a detailed understanding of this process, significant properties of reactive composite low-pressure plasmas driven by electron cyclotron resonance(ECR) were investigated and compared with the radial uniformity of the etch rate. The determination of the electronic properties of chlorine-and hydrogen-containing plasmas enabled the understanding of the pressure-dependent behavior of the plasma density and provided better insights into the electronic parameters of reactive etch gases. From the electrical evaluation of I(V) characteristics obtained using a Langmuir probe,plasmas of different compositions were investigated. The standard method of Druyvesteyn to derive the electron energy distribution functions by the second derivative of the I(V)characteristics was replaced by a mathematical model which has been evolved to be more robust against noise, mainly, because the first derivative of the I(V) characteristics is used. Special attention was given to the power of the energy dependence in the exponent. In particular, for plasmas that are generated by ECR with EM modes, the existence of Maxwellian distribution functions is not to be taken as a self-evident fact, but the bi-Maxwellian distribution was proven for Ar-and Kr-stabilized plasmas. In addition to the electron temperature, the global uniform discharge model has been shown to be useful for calculating the neutral gas temperature. To what extent the invasive method of using a Langmuir probe could be replaced with the noninvasive optical method of emission spectroscopy, particularly actinometry, was investigated,and the resulting data exhibited the same relative behavior as the Langmuir data. The correlation with etchrate data reveals the large chemical part of the removal process—most striking when the data is compared with etching in pure argon. Although the relative amount of the radial variation of plasma density and etch rate is approximately ?5%, the etch rate shows a slightly concave shape in contrast to the plasma density.     

Integration von Sach- und Dienstleistungen – Ausgewählte Internetquellen zur hybriden Wertschöpfung

The article presents results of an internet research on product-service systems. Web sites showing interesting practical examples and studies available online are presented to point out the practical relevance of innovative combinations of products and services. The multiplicity of research projects found on the internet shows that this phenomenon is also discussed intensively in research. These projects have been categorized by analyzing their web sites. Furthermore, the results of the internet research highlight a high diversity of terms for describing the concept of product-service systems. As a consequence, orientation in this subject area is hindered.     

Dynamical Quantum Phase Transitions

A sweep through a quantum phase transition by means of a time-dependent external parameter (e.g., pressure) entails non-equilibrium phenomena associated with a break-down of adiabaticity: At the critical point, the energy gap vanishes and the response time diverges (in the thermodynamic limit). Consequently, the external time-dependence inevitably drives the system out of equilibrium, i.e., away from the ground state, if we assume zero temperature initially. In this way, the initial quantum fluctuations can be drastically amplified and may become observable—especially for symmetry-breaking (restoring) transitions. By means of several examples, possible effects of these amplified quantum fluctuations are studied and universal features (such as freezing) are discussed.     

Adaptive multivlevel methods in three space dimensions

We consider the approximate solution of self-adjoint elliptic problems in three space dimensions by piecewise linear finite elements with respect to a highly non-uniform tetrahedral mesh which is generated adaptively. The arising linear systems are solved iteratively by the conjugate gradient method provided with a multilevel preconditioner. Here, the accuracy of the iterative solution is coupled with the discretization error. As the performance of hierarchical bases preconditioners deteriorates in three space dimensions, the BPX preconditioner is used, taking special care of an efficient implementation. Reliable a posteriori estimates for the discretization error are derived from a local comparison with the approximation resulting from piecewise quadratic elements. To illustrate the theoretical results, we consider a familiar model problem involving reentrant corners and a real-life problem arising from hyperthermia, a recent clinical method for cancer therapy.     

Ultrasensitive detection of unstained proteins in acrylamide gels by native UV fluorescence

Visualization of proteins inside acrylamide and other gels usually relies on different staining methods. To omit the protein-staining procedure, we visualized unstained proteins inside acrylamide gels by laser excitation with ultraviolet (UV) light (280 nm, 35 mJ/cm2) and directly detected native UV fluorescence. In one-dimensional gels, a detection limit as low as 1 ng for bovine serum albumin and 5 ng for other proteins with a linear dynamic range (2.7 orders of magnitude) comparable to state of the art fluorescent dyes could be achieved. In addition, the application of this method to 20 microg of a whole cell lysate separated in a two-dimensional gel showed more than 600 spots. Since protein labeling always represents a serious obstacle in protein identification technologies, the working efficiency with our procedure can be considered as a significant improvement for protein visualization and reproducibility in proteomics.     

Science and technology in the region: The output of regional science and technology, its strengths and its leading institutions

Summary We operationalize scientific output in a region by means of the number of articles (as in the SciSearch database) per year and technology output by means of the number of patent applications (as in the database of the European Patent Office) per priority year. All informetric analyses were done using the DIALOG online-system. The main research questions are the following: Which scientific and technological fields or topics are most influent within a region and which institutions or companies are mainly publishing articles or holding patents? Do the distributions of regional science and technology fields and of publishing institutions follow the well-known informetric function? Are there - as it is expected - only few fields and few institutions which dominate the region? Is there a connection between the economic power of a region and the regional publication and patent output? Examples studied in detail are seven German regions: Aachen, Düsseldorf, Hamburg, Köln (Cologne), Leipzig - Halle - Dessau, München (Munich), and Stuttgart. Three different indicators were used, science and technology attraction of a region (number of scientific articles and patents), science and technology intensity (articles and patents per 1,000 inhabitants), and science and technology density (articles and patents per 1 billion EURO gross value added). Top region concerning both attraction and intensity is Munich, concerning density it is Aachen.     

德国普福尔茨海姆平面设计学院

传达学院是一所设立了不同设计学科的私立院校，侧重于平面设计、产品设计和信息设计。传达学院在德国南部巴登-符腾堡州的不同城市都有分校，诸如斯图加特、曼海姆、乌尔姆，普福尔茨海姆等。