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41.
In the course of miniaturization of electronic and microfluidic devices, reliable predictions of the stability of ultrathin films have a strategic role for design purposes. Consequently, efficient computational techniques that allow for a direct comparison with experiment become increasingly important. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, that the full complex spatial and temporal evolution of the rupture of ultrathin films can be modelled in quantitative agreement with experiment. We accomplish this by combining highly controlled experiments on different film-rupture patterns with computer simulations using novel numerical schemes for thin-film equations. For the quantitative comparison of the pattern evolution in both experiment and simulation we introduce a novel pattern analysis method based on Minkowski measures. Our results are fundamental for the development of efficient tools capable of describing essential aspects of thin-film flow in technical systems. 相似文献
42.
Advanced NiAl‐based high temperature materials are developed and characterized for structural applications in energy conversion systems. The intermetallic compound NiAl with B2 superlattice structure exhibits superior physical and high temperature mechanical properties, and excellent oxidation resistance. Disadvantages of polycrystalline pure NiAl are the lack in plasticity and fracture toughness at room temperature and insufficient high temperature strength at temperatures above 800 °C. The refractory metals Cr, Mo, and Re form with NiAl quasi‐binary eutectic systems which enable to produce metal fibres reinforced NiAl‐based alloys in the as‐cast condition and by performing directional solidification. These in‐situ composites show fine‐grained and thermally stable microstructures possessing high temperature strength, superior creep resistance and sufficient room temperature ductility. 相似文献
43.
Papendorf B Nonnenmacher K Ionescu E Kleebe HJ Riedel R 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2011,7(7):970-978
The present study focuses on the synthesis and ceramization of novel hafnium-alkoxide-modified silazanes as well as on their microstructure evolution at high temperatures. The synthesis of hafnia-modified polymer-derived SiCN ceramic nanocomposites is performed via chemical modification of a polysilazane and of a cyclotrisilazane, followed by cross-linking and pyrolysis in argon atmosphere. Spectroscopic investigation (i.e., NMR, FTIR, and Raman) shows that the hafnium alkoxide reacts with the N-H groups of the cyclotrisilazane; in the case of polysilazane, reactions of N-H as well as Si-H groups with the alkoxide are observed. Consequently, scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies reveal that the ceramic nanocomposites obtained from cyclotrisilazane and polysilazane exhibited markedly different microstructures, which is a result of the different reaction pathways of the hafnium alkoxide with cyclotrisilazane and with polysilazane. Furthermore, the two prepared ceramic nanocomposites are unexpectedly found to exhibit extremely different high-temperature behavior with respect to decomposition and crystallization; this essential difference is found to be related to the different distribution of hafnium throughout the ceramic network in the two samples. Thus, the homogeneous distribution of hafnium observed in the polysilazane-derived ceramic leads to an enhanced thermal stability with respect to decomposition, whereas the local enrichment of hafnium within the matrix of the cyclotrisilazane-based sample induces a pronounced decomposition upon annealing at high temperatures. The results indicate that the chemistry and architecture of the precursor has a crucial effect on the microstructure of the resulting ceramic material and consequently on its high-temperature behavior. 相似文献
44.
45.
Tautenhahn R Patti GJ Kalisiak E Miyamoto T Schmidt M Lo FY McBee J Baliga NS Siuzdak G 《Analytical chemistry》2011,83(3):696-700
Mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics often results in the observation of hundreds to thousands of features that are differentially regulated between sample classes. A major challenge in interpreting the data is distinguishing metabolites that are causally associated with the phenotype of interest from those that are unrelated but altered in downstream pathways as an effect. To facilitate this distinction, here we describe new software called metaXCMS for performing second-order (\"meta\") analysis of untargeted metabolomics data from multiple sample groups representing different models of the same phenotype. While the original version of XCMS was designed for the direct comparison of two sample groups, metaXCMS enables meta-analysis of an unlimited number of sample classes to facilitate prioritization of the data and increase the probability of identifying metabolites causally related to the phenotype of interest. metaXCMS is used to import XCMS results that are subsequently filtered, realigned, and ultimately compared to identify shared metabolites that are up- or down-regulated across all sample groups. We demonstrate the software's utility by identifying histamine as a metabolite that is commonly altered in three different models of pain. metaXCMS is freely available at http://metlin.scripps.edu/metaxcms/. 相似文献
46.
47.
An improved and efficient method for the preparation of the title compounds 3 is described. Thus, quinoxalinecarboxamide 1,4-dioxides 3 are synthesized in high yields by reaction of benzofuroxan 1 with acetoacetamides 2 in the presence of catalytic amounts of calcium salts and ethanolamine. The reaction is assumed to involve a chelate mechanism with 4 as intermediate. Side reactions are studied by means of HPLC and TLC. 相似文献
48.
49.
Gerd Scheying Ingrid Wührl Ulrich Eisele Ralf Riedel 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2004,87(3):358-364
Two ultrafine, undoped ZrO2 powders with median primary particle sizes of 9 and 25 nm were used to prepare ceramic suspensions for thermoplastic extrusion. The organic vehicle consisted of an industrial-grade poly(ethylene- co -vinyl acetate) (EVA) or polyethylene (PE-HD) and decanoic acid as a dispersing agent. The powder volume loadings achieved were 44% and 52% by volume for the two powders, respectively. The amount of dispersant needed was calculated from a new model based on available chemisorption sites on the powder surface. Mixing and extrusion were conducted using a conventional modular plastic processing unit. Green bodies were dewaxed up to 450°C in an inert atmosphere and sintered to full density in air at 1060° and 1100°C, respectively. Analysis of the ceramic phase content and the microstructure of the bodies is presented. 相似文献