蒙古口蘑保健饮品生产工艺及稳定性的研究

采用现代酶工程技术生产蒙古口蘑保健饮品,通过正交试验筛选出蒙古口蘑保健饮品最佳稳定化措施。当均质压力30MPa、均质温度45℃、复合稳定剂0.3%时,所制得的蒙古口蘑保健饮品口感细腻,具有独特的蒙古口蘑香气,组织状态均匀,稳定性好。     

挤出处理对蒙古口蘑肽提取率影响的研究

采用挤出技术对超临界流体脱脂后的蒙古口蘑进行处理,目的在于提高蒙古口蘑肽类的提取率。通过正交试验筛选出最佳挤出工艺参数,即挤出温度110℃、物料含水量40%、进料速度20kg/h、物料粒度0.147mm。挤出处理后蒙古口蘑肽类提取率为6.3%,是未挤出样的4倍。     

Effect of Germination on Chemical Composition,Biochemical Constituents and Antinutritional Factors of Soya Bean (Glycine max) Seeds

The published scientific data concerning the effects of germination on chemical composition, biochemical constituents and anti-nutritional factors of soya bean are reviewed. The amino acid profile did not change to a great extent; only a noticeable increase in aspartic acid was observed whereas there was a gradual decrease in the available lysine level and lipid content as germination progressed. Both the total protein content and the nonprotein nitrogen increased after 5 days of germination. Dietary fibres are partially degraded in germinated seeds. Germinated soya bean is an excellent source of ascorbic acid and riboflavin. Niacin contents increased distinctly after germination. Germination induced a reduction in lipase inhibitor activity. The galactosyl oligosaccharides drastically decreased in germinated seeds. After 4 days of germination, the activity of certain lectins decreased to 4% of that of ungerminated soya beans. The phytic acid in the seeds was degraded by the phytase activated during germination, thus increasing the availability of the minerals present in the germinated seeds. Germination can degrade both Kunitz soya bean trypsin inhibitor and the major Bowman–Birk soya bean trypsin inhibitor; the degradation is enhanced, if germination process lasts more than 4 days. © 1997 SCI.     

Physical performances and kinetics of evaporation of the CIP 10-M personal sampler's rotating cup containing aqueous or viscous collection fluid

The CIP 10-M personal sampler measures worker exposure to airborne particles by collecting particles in a rotating metal cup containing a few milliliters of a collection fluid. This device is mainly used to sample microorganisms or microbial components to measure bioaerosol concentrations in various occupational environments. Aqueous liquids are generally used, but their rapid evaporation limits the duration of sampling; alternative collection fluids could alleviate this problem. Indeed, the particle-collection efficiency of the rotating cup has not been extensively studied, and the only data available relate to a discontinued model. This study aimed to measure the collection efficiency of the current rotating cup model containing an aqueous (water) or viscous (ViaTrap mineral oil) collection fluid. The kinetics of evaporation confirmed that ViaTrap does not evaporate, making 8-h sampling campaigns in constant volumes feasible. Particles with a wide range of aerodynamic diameters (between around 0.1 and 10 µm) were produced using various test rigs and mono- or polydisperse test aerosols. Both new and older cup models performed similarly, with a collection efficiency of >80% for larger particles (aerodynamic diameters >2.8 µm), progressively decreasing to around 50% for aerodynamic diameters of 2.1 µm; with aerodynamic diameters of <1 µm, the collection efficiency was generally <10%. In physical terms, collection efficiency was unaffected by the type (aqueous or viscous) or volume (between 0 and 3 mL) of collection fluid used. Bias maps indicated that the inhalable fraction may be underestimated in occupational settings, particularly with aerosols mainly composed of particles with aerodynamic diameters of less than around 3 µm.

Copyright © 2016 American Association for Aerosol Research     

Smoking is associated with lower performance in WAIS-R Block Design scores in adults with ADHD.

Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are predisposed to smoking, but the neuropsychological correlates of this association have not been elucidated so far. The present study evaluates possible associations between cognitive performance and smoking and other comorbidities in adults with ADHD. Two hundred and sixty-four (264) patients were evaluated in the adult ADHD outpatient clinic of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. The diagnoses were based on the DSM-IV criteria and interviews were performed with the Portuguese version of K-SADS-E for ADHD and oppositional-defiant disorder. Axis I psychiatric comorbidities were evaluated with the SCID-IV and the cognitive performance with the Vocabulary and Block Design subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R). The evaluation of the influence of the WAIS-R scores on each dependent variable was performed with logistic regression analyses. Lower scores in the Block Design subtest of WAIS-R were associated with smoking and the presence of anxiety disorder. These results suggest that a subgroup of ADHD patients with lower Block Design subtest scores may be at increased risk of smoking as a cognitive enhancement. Our findings also confirmed the previously suggested association between anxiety and lower Block Design scores.     

RFLP characterization of Aspergillus niger aggregate species from grapes from Europe and Israel

In order to characterize by molecular methods the Aspergillus niger aggregate species involved in the ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination of European wine grapes and table grapes from Israel, a total of 173 strains were studied. The ITS-5.8S rDNA fragments of 173 A. niger agreggate strains from grapes included in this study were amplified and their PCR amplicons were RsaI digested in order to classify the strains in the RFLP types, N and T. All of the strains belonging to the A. niger aggregate were classified into the two RFLP types previously defined: type N (43%) and type T (57%). Twenty out of the 173 strains of A. niger aggregate produced OTA (0.1 to 10.5 mug g(-1)). All the OTA producing species belonged to the N-RFLP type.     

Effects of soybean (Glycine max) germination on biologically active components, nutritional values of seeds, and biological characteristics in rats

We briefly reviewed the effects of soybean germination on biologically active components, nutritive value of seed and biological characteristics in rats. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effects of soybean germination on nutritional values of seeds and the potential importance for the use of germinated soybeans, from a contemporary conception, in food preparation as well as on soybean possible influence in optimal health. Germination induced a substantial increase in the content of saponin, oestrogenic compounds and almost all phytosterols, particularly beta-sitosterol of seeds. Lecithin content increased slightly and gradually during germination process. Lipase and alpha-galactosidase activities increased whereas lipoxygenase activities reduced after a short period of germination (< or = 72 h). Therefore, the substantial odour and flavour scores of germinated soybean flour were improved. Germinated seeds were also beneficial to heat penetration, their thermolabile antinutritional factors were easier to inhibit than those of dry beans, also the seeds did not require a long cooking time to be palatable. Duration of the germination process greatly influenced the nutritional value and palatability of seeds and biological characteristics in rats. In rat bioassay, one-day germination of soybeans induced a significant increase of daily body weight gain, daily protein intake in rats and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of seed meal. Palatability of seeds was also improved whereas a 5-day germination resulted in a decrease of PER of seed meal (less than the value of unheated seeds) and induced thyroid enlargement in rats. A vapour thermal treatment (100 degrees C, 20 min) eliminated thyroid-active agents and improved PER of seed meal, food intake and final weight of rats. Well prepared germinated soybeans can be used as a good alternate to animal proteins for more balanced nutritional diet. Development of food products from germinated soybean may be another way to further increase the versatility and utility of soybeans for both developing and industrialized countries, as germination induced the modification of certain specific biologically active components, palatability and nutritive value of seeds.     

Fabrication of Micro-Reactors Using Tape-Casting Methods

We have developed a simple, rapid, and inexpensive method for the fabrication of micro-channel reactors using tape-casting methods. Rectangular channels, with self-contained heaters, were fabricated with cross-sectional dimensions of 500 m×800 m and 1000 m×800 m. The conduits were loaded with Pd and Pd/alumina catalysts using a syringe. To demonstrate the capabilities of this methodology, n-butane oxidation rates were measured between 300 and 700 K. Because free-radical reactions are suppressed by the small channel size, it was possible to measure catalytic rates within the flammability limits. Based on the results, it appears that micro-reactors formed using tape-casting methods may be useful for initial catalyst screening.