Alkylation of Benzene with Isopropyl Alcohol over SAPO-5 Catalyst in an Integral Pressure Reactor

The alkylation of benzene with isopropyl alcohol was studied in an integral pressure reactor over silicon substituted aluminophosphate molecular sieves, SAPO-5. The influence of various process parameters such as temperature, pressure, time on stream, weight hourly space velocity, and mole ratio of reactants on cumene yield and selectivity were investigated. The activity of SAPO-5 was compared with that of Hbeta for this reaction under similar conditions and in the same reactor. At pressures higher than atmospheric, almost the theoretical maximum yields of cumene were achieved on this SAPO-5. Among the diisopropyl benzenes formed by the alkylation of cumene, the meta-isomer was found to form in a significant amount followed by the para-isomer. The ortho-isomer with relatively high strain energy of 4.26 kcal/mol was almost negligible. The cumene yield goes through a maximum in the temperature range 498-543 K studied. Cumene selectivity was found to decrease at higher temperatures, higher pressures and lower benzene to isopropanol mole ratios.     

大颗粒尿素造粒装置技术改造

介绍了大颗粒尿素装置改造方案,对技术改造的实施效果进行了总结。从 技术改造和技术管理方面提出了相应的措施。     

Humidity sensor composed of a microporous film of polyethylene-graft-poly-(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate)

Summary Inside a microporous polyethylene film, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid was graft polymerized by ultraviolet irradiation. A humidity sensor was fabricated by depositing gold electrodes on both sides of the grafted film. The impedance was measured as a function of humidity for the acid and alkali salts of sulfonate. The sensor has long term stability and is resistant to water.     

干燥过程模型化

为了更好地了解和分析各类干燥过程，优化设计，操作和控制，干燥过程数学模型与模拟优化已成为主要研究方向。本文扼要介绍干燥过程数学模型化方法与内容，举例列出了气流干燥过程六为量常微分方程组。     

EXAFS and XPS Investigations of Cu/ZnO Catalysts and Their Interaction with CO and Methanol

Several investigations have been carried out on Cu/ZnO catalysts by employing extended Xray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). EXAFS investigations of Cu/ZnO catalysts subjected to hydrogen reduction show the presence of Cu¹⁺ species and Cu microclusters. The proportion of Cu¹⁺ depends on the rate of increase of the reduction temperature and on the amount of alumina added. An XPS study of the interaction of CO with model Cu/ZnO catalysts prepared in situ in the electron spectrometer shows the formation of CO₂ ^-, CO₃ ^2- and C₂O₄ ^2- species, their proportion relative to CO increasing with the Cu¹⁺/Cu⁰ ratio. A study of the interaction of CH₃OH with Cu clusters deposited on ZnO films reveals reversible molecular adsorption and the formation of CH₃O on clean Cu clusters. If the Cu clusters are pretreated with oxygen, however, both CH₃O and HCOO^- species are produced. Model Cu/ZnO catalyst surfaces containing both Cu¹⁺ and Cu⁰ species show interesting oxidation properties. On a Cu⁰-rich catalyst surface, only the CH₃O species is formed on interaction with CH₃OH. On a Cu¹⁺rich surface, the HCOO^- ion is the predominant species.     

Polymers from renewable resources. VIII. Thermal properties of the interpenetrating polymer networks derived from castor oil–isophorone diisocyanate–polyacrylamides

Castor oil was reacted with isophorone diisocyanate varying the isocyanate/hydroxyl ratio to produce a number of polyurethanes (PUs). All the PUs were reacted with acrylamide and methacrylamide using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinker and benzoyl peroxide as the initiator. Thermogravimetric analysis of the polymers was conducted using a computer analysis method for assigning the kinetic mechanism. The degradation steps have been discussed in the light of the kinetic parameters. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Ceramic and Glass-Ceramic Packaging in the 1990s

A broad overview of packaging involving interconnecting, powering, protecting, and cooling semiconductor chips to meet a variety of computer system needs is presented. The general requirements for ceramics in terms of their thermal, mechanical, electrical, and dimensional control requirements are presented, both for high-performance and low-performance applications. Glass-ceramics are identified as the best candidates for high-performance systems, and aluminum nitride, alumina, or mullite are identified for low-performance systems. Glass-ceramic/copper substrate technology is discussed as an example of high-performance ceramic packaging for use in 1990s. Lower-dielectric-constant ceramics such as composites of silica, borosilicate, and cordierite, with or without polymers and porosity, are projected as potential ceramic substrate materials by the year 2000.     

Saponification kinetic study of mica-acrylonitrile graft copolymers

Kinetics of alkaline hydrolysis of mica-acrylonitrile graft copolymers was studied. The dependence of alkali concentration and the time of hydrolysis on the degree of saponification was determined. Chemical and spectroscopical techniques were used to determine the mechanism of hydrolysis.     

陶瓷产业的信息化建设

在全球经济一体化和中国已经加入WTO的大背景下,企业间的国际竞争将日趋激烈,许多国际强势陶瓷品牌将逐步登陆我国市场,也将加剧本已激烈的国内市场竞争。作为劳动密集型和资源密集型的中国陶瓷工业先必须认识到自己的差距。除了技术工艺、产品质量、品牌意识等产品意识外,还必须重视管理策略、经营方略及发展战略,陶瓷产业的信息化管理势在必行。