Influence of Tool Rotational Speed and Post-Weld Heat Treatments on Friction Stir Welded Reduced Activation Ferritic-Martensitic Steel

The effects of tool rotational speed (200 and 700 rpm) on evolving microstructure during friction stir welding (FSW) of a reduced activation ferritic-martensitic steel (RAFMS) in the stir zone (SZ), thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), and heat-affected zone (HAZ) have been explored in detail. The influence of post-weld direct tempering (PWDT: 1033 K (760 °C)/ 90 minutes + air cooling) and post-weld normalizing and tempering (PWNT: 1253 K (980 °C)/30 minutes + air cooling + tempering 1033 K (760 °C)/90 minutes + air cooling) treatments on microstructure and mechanical properties has also been assessed. The base metal (BM) microstructure was tempered martensite comprising Cr-rich M₂₃C₆ on prior austenite grain and lath boundaries with intra-lath precipitation of V- and Ta-rich MC precipitates. The tool rotational speed exerted profound influence on evolving microstructure in SZ, TMAZ, and HAZ in the as-welded and post-weld heat-treated states. Very high proportion of prior austenitic grains and martensite lath boundaries in SZ and TMAZ in the as-welded state showed lack of strengthening precipitates, though very high hardness was recorded in SZ irrespective of the tool speed. Very fine-needle-like Fe₃C precipitates were found at both the rotational speeds in SZ. The Fe₃C was dissolved and fresh precipitation of strengthening precipitates occurred on both prior austenite grain and sub-grain boundaries in SZ during PWNT and PWDT. The post-weld direct tempering caused coarsening and coalescence of strengthening precipitates, in both matrix and grain boundary regions of TMAZ and HAZ, which led to inhomogeneous distribution of hardness across the weld joint. The PWNT heat treatment has shown fresh precipitation of M₂₃C₆ on lath and grain boundaries and very fine V-rich MC precipitates in the intragranular regions, which is very much similar to that prevailed in BM prior to FSW. Both the PWDT and PWNT treatments caused considerable reduction in the hardness of SZ. In the as-welded state, the 200 rpm joints have shown room temperature impact toughness close to that of BM, whereas 700 rpm joints exhibited very poor impact toughness. The best combination of microstructure and mechanical properties could be obtained by employing low rotational speed of 200 rpm followed by PWNT cycle. The type and size of various precipitates, grain size, and evolving dislocation substructure have been presented and comprehensively discussed.     

超细WO3粉体的制备及表征

通过胶溶法、溶胶 凝胶法、聚合 络合法合成了超细三氧化钨粉体。并对 3种制备方法的不同制备条件进行了探讨 ,实验发现不同制备条件对三氧化钨粉体粒径有较大影响 ,研究得出了每种方法的最佳制备条件。胶溶法中pH约为 4.60 ,静置 2 4h ,加入十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)浓度为 0 .15mol·L- 1 ;溶胶 凝胶法中pH约为 2 .3 1,加入草酸和CTAB浓度分别为 0 .40和 0 .2 0mol·L- 1 ;而聚合 络合法中前驱体在 2 5 0℃干燥后 ,在 60 0℃煅烧接着再在 65 0℃煅烧。用激光粒度仪、比表面测定仪、XRD和TEM对产品进行了表征 ,结果表明所制三氧化钨为正交晶系 ,平均粒径在 5 0～ 2 0 0nm。团聚粒子大小不均 ,粒径范围较宽 ,颗粒为不规则形状。胶溶法制备的粒子的粒径较其他两种方法更小、更均匀。     

Influence of Osmotic Suction on the Soil-Water Characteristic Curves of Compacted Expansive Clay

Unsaturated clays are subject to osmotic suction gradients in geoenvironmental engineering applications and it therefore becomes important to understand the effect of these chemical concentration gradients on soil-water characteristic curves (SWCCs). This paper brings out the influence of induced osmotic suction gradient on the wetting SWCCs of compacted clay specimens inundated with sodium chloride solutions/distilled water at vertical stress of 6.25 kPa in oedometer cells. The experimental results illustrate that variations in initial osmotic suction difference induce different magnitudes of osmotic induced consolidation and osmotic consolidation strains thereby impacting the wetting SWCCs and equilibrium water contents of identically compacted clay specimens. Osmotic suction induced by chemical concentration gradients between reservoir salt solution and soil-water can be treated as an equivalent net stress component, (pπ) that decreases the swelling strains of unsaturated specimens from reduction in microstructural and macrostructural swelling components. The direction of osmotic flow affects the matric SWCCs. Unsaturated specimens experiencing osmotic induced consolidation and osmotic consolidation develop lower equilibrium water content than specimens experiencing osmotic swelling during the wetting path. The findings of the study illustrate the need to incorporate the influence of osmotic suction in determination of the matric SWCCs.     

56m~2电除尘器气流分布及气密性测定分析

本文介绍了贵溪冶炼厂新增备料 ５６ｍ~２电除尘器气流分布及气密性测定分析的方法及过程,指出对新建或大修改造后的电除尘器,在投产前进行气流分布及气密性现场测试调整的必要性。     

钽铌矿物的浮选药剂研究概况

介绍了钽铌矿物的主要浮选捕收剂即脂肪酸类、膦酸类、羟肟酸类、肿酸类和阳离子类捕收剂等，以及捕收剂对钽铌矿物的捕收能力和选择性，同时介绍了其与钽铌矿物作用机制。认为脂肪酸类捕收剂的捕收能力较强而选择性较差，与钽铌矿物作用时生成了铁和锰的油酸盐，而不是钽铌的油酸盐。膦酸类、羟肟酸类、肿酸类捕收剂也具有较高的捕收能力，而且选择性比脂肪酸类的强，与钽铌矿物的作用机制是化学吸附。同时文章总结了温度、酸处理、pH值和各种调整剂对浮选效果的影响，表明合适的pH值和调整剂能扩大钽铌矿物与脉石矿物的浮游性差异，提高分选效率。     

Electric-field induced fluctuations in laser generated plasma plume

The effect of an external electric field on laser-generated plasma has been studied. It is observed that the laser-generated plasma can be used for the ignition of a spark in the presence of a low voltage external electric field. An eight-fold emission intensity enhancement in Cu Ⅰ spectral lines are measured as compared to the signal intensity in the absence of an external electric field.The plasma parameters remain the same initially, up to a few microseconds after the generation of plasma, and this feature makes it more interesting for the quantitative analysis of any sample using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS). In the presence of an external electric field,fluctuations(contraction and expansion) in the laser-generated plasma are observed which increase the plasma decay time and consequently result in enhanced signal intensity.     

Parallel exponential queues with dependent service rates

A system of two parallel single-server exponential queues is considered. These queues operate independently except that the service rate in each queue changes whenever the other queue is empty. By treating one of the queues as bounded, this model can be shown to have a matrix-geometric steady state vector which can be computed efficiently. Algorithms are also developed to compute the characteristics of the departure stream of customers from each queue. Some numerical results are presented, and based on these results an efficient approximation scheme for the system is developed which may possibly be extended to systems with more than two parallel queues.     

Post-buckling behaviour of moderately thick cylindrically orthotropic annular plates

A finite element formulation including the effects of shear deformation and cylindrically orthotropic material properties is described for studying the post-buckling behaviour of annular plates. Numerical results for the buckling load parameter and ratios of nonlinear load parameter to buckling load parameter for various values of orthotropic properties, thicknesses and radii ratios of the plates are presented.     

A quick method for estimation of long-lived alpha activity in work atmospheres

In an operating plant quick reporting of the status of long-lived alpha activity concentrations in the work atmosphere is required. This will help in taking any corrective control measures if required. Radon and thoron progeny concentrations prevalent in the general atmosphere predominantly interfere in measurement of long-lived alpha activity in air. The alpha counts due to radon and thoron progeny vary widely in many atmospheric conditions. Therefore, conventionally, 5 days delay is allowed for all interfering activity to decay completely and true alpha air activity is then estimated. An approach for quick assessment of long-lived alpha activity by eliminating interference due to radon and thoron progeny in air, is made here. Based on the study of the pattern of alpha count rate due to radon and thoron progeny in air, a method for estimation of long-lived alpha activity within 8 hours delay time is suggested in this paper.     

Finite element analysis with an improved failure criterion for composite wind turbine blades

Some interesting studies are made in this paper on the life management of a composite wind turbine blade. It presents the details of finite element modeling and validation, blade response under service loading conditions, power coefficient evaluation for the optimum design parameters of the blade configuration, development of failure envelope and fatigue life estimations. Finite element analysis results are found to be in good agreement with existing test results on a typical composite blade configuration. The failure envelope generated from the present modified failure criterion correlates well with the test results on different composite materials. The procedure adopted in this paper can be utilized for optimum design of large size composite wind turbine blades.