Chalcogenide glasses with composition Ge20Se80–xTlx (x=10, 15, 20, 25, 35%) have been prepared by the usual melt-quenching technique. Thin films of the mentioned compositions have been prepared by the electron beam evaporation. In addition, another set taken from the composition ofX=30 at % with different thicknesses (d=14.7, 30.0, 56.5, 70.0, 101.0, 180.0 nm) have been taken into consideration. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the amorphous nature of the prepared films. It was found that, in contrast to the optical gap (Eop), both the extent of the band tailing (B), and the band gap (Ee) increase with increasing thallium content. In other side,Eop showed thickness independency. The refractive index (n) showed obvious dependence on both composition and thickness also on the energy of the incident radiation. 相似文献
In this paper the implementation of a suggested stand-alone PV system, for maximum-power point tracking (MPPT), is carried out. Also, this paper presents a comparative study, through experimental work, between the conventional PI controller and the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) under different atmospheric conditions. The implemented system with both the PI controller and the FLC gives a good maximum-power operation of the PV array, but the tracking capability for different optimum operating points is better and faster for the case of using the FLC compared to the case of using the PI controller. 相似文献
Predictions of the discharge and the associated sediment concentration are very useful ingredients in any water resources reservoir design, planning, maintenance, and operation. Although there are many empirical relationships between the discharge and sediment concentration amounts, they need estimation of model parameters. Generally, parameter estimations are achieved through the regression method (RM), which has several restrictive assumptions. Such models are locally valid and their structures and parameter values are questionable from region to others. This paper proposes a new approach for sediment concentration prediction provided that there are measurements of discharge and sediment concentration. The basis of the methodology is a dynamic transitional model between successive time instances based on two variables, namely, discharge and sediment concentration measurements. The transition matrix elements are estimated from the measurements through a special form of the artificial neural networks as perceptrons. The sediment concentration predictions from discharge measurements are achieved through a perceptron Kalman filtering (PKF) technique. In the meantime, this technique also provides temporal predictions. A certain portion of the measurement sequence is employed for the model parameter estimations through training and the remaining part is used for the model verification. Detailed comparisons between RM and PKF approaches are presented and, finally, it is shown that the latter model works dynamically by simulating the observation scatter diagram in the best possible manner with smaller prediction errors. The application of the methodology is performed for the discharge and sediment concentration measurements obtained from the Mississippi River basin at St. Louis, Missouri. It is found that the PKF methodology has smaller average relative, root-mean-square, and absolute errors than RM. Furthermore, graphical representation, such as the scatter and frequency diagrams, indicated that the PKF approach has superiority over the RM. 相似文献
The electroplating of Ni-Cd alloy coatings was carried out from alkaline baths (pH 10). For comparison, electroplating of the parent metals, Ni and Cd, was performed individually under the same conditions. The cathodic current efficiency for codeposition was high and decreased with increasing current density. The codeposition process is an anomalous type of plating with Cd being the preferentially deposited metal. The Ni content in the deposits increased with increasing current density. This increase in Ni content improves the corrosion resistance and microhardness of the deposits. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the deposits consist of a mixture of Ni, β, γ, γ1 phases. 相似文献
This paper reports on an evaluation of real-time properties of MAP (Manufacturing Automation Protocol) networks by analytical considerations and measurements. Based on a model of the time schedule of a communication cycle figures for response times (transport system) and message delays (MAC layer) are given. The influence of some options for handling acknowledgments within the transport layer is shown. The message delay at MAC layer is separated into an implementation-dependent and a protocol-dependent protion, and an upper bound is derived. Rules for selecting protocol parameters affecting real time behavior are given. Aspects for improved implementations of communication controllers for MAP networks are discussed. 相似文献
The copolymerization of tri-n-butyl tin acrylate (TBTA) with methylmethacrylate (MMA) has been investigated in dioxane. The composition of these copolymers was determined quantitatively by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The tin contents were estimated by gravimetric as well as thermogravimetric techniques (TGA). The reactivity ratio of such copolymers was estimated by application of the Kelen-Tudos method. The dielectric properties of the copolymers have been studied over a frequency range of 100–50 kHz at different temperatures from 20 to 70°C. The electrical conductivity for such copolymers was also measured. The results are interpreted in terms of the tin content of the copolymers. 相似文献
Numerical and experimental investigations of the dynamic behavior for coated laminate composite beams has been presented and discussed in the present work. A numerical technique is utilized to compute the eigen parameters of coated laminated composite beams. An attempt to study the variations in the natural frequencies and damping properties of laminated composite coated beams taking into account different lamina orientation of coat and various kinds of core isotropic material (steel and aluminium) is introduced. The variations of the eigen parameters vs. the code number of the coated layer with the use of various types of isotropic material are measured by utilizing (the frequency response displayed on) an (FFT) analyzer. The experimental and numerical work is carried out on four different fiber orientations, aligned longitudinally, transversely, making 45 ° with the fibers direction and randomly oriented. Comparison between experimental and numerical results shows a tight connection between them. 相似文献
In most countries of the world asphalt pavement of road networks represents the biggest single investment in the transportation system. In Canada, asphalt pavement built over the past decade is worth more than 70 billion dollars (in 1984 dollars). In order to maintain the current road network at the present level of service and prevent it from further deterioration, over 6 billion dollars is needed anually.
Traditionally, asphalt overlays are widely used to rehabilitate existing deteriorated pavements. Unfortunately the new overlays have been observed to fail in a relatively short time. Thus the investment in overlays is lost.
Recent research based on the concept of relative rigidity has indicated that the rapid deterioration of new asphalt overlays is directly related to current construction equipment. It has been shown analytically and experimentally that steel rollers used in compacting the asphalt layer will result in surface cracks during construction. Traffic and environmental influences will accelerate the failure of the new layer.
This paper presents the results of a testing programme evaluating the engineering properties of asphalt slabs compacted by a new method using a compactor termed AMIR. The results showed that the AMIR compactor will prevent the formation of constitution cracks resulting in an increase of indirect tensile strength of 10% and an increase of direct tensile strength of up to 60% when compared to steel roller compacted asphalt slabs. 相似文献