Maternal representations of past and current attachment relationships, and emotional experience across the transition to motherhood: A longitudinal study.

Sad and anxious feelings are known to increase in the immediate postpartum period, whereas studies on new mothers' other emotional qualities such as anger are scarce. In laboratory studies, attachment security was found to be associated with effective emotion regulation in challenging situations. This study investigated attachment representations of experiences with parents and of current experiences with the partner as predictors of sad, anxious, and angry feelings across the transition to motherhood. Seventy-seven pregnant women in their third trimester were administered the Adult Attachment Interview and the Current Relationship Interview. The Differential Emotions Scale was given in pregnancy and at the infant's ages of 2 weeks, 2, 4, and 6 months, asking both mothers and fathers about maternal emotional experience. Sadness and anxiety increased 2 weeks postpartum and returned to below baseline over the following months, while anger did not change. Contrary to mothers with an insecure representation of their couple relationship, those with a secure representation reported and displayed increased sadness and anxiety 2 weeks after giving birth, from which they quickly recovered. For mothers secure in their representation of past attachment relationships with parents, an increase of low-level anger emerged 4 months postpartum, which did not occur in insecure participants and receded quickly. It can be concluded that secure representations of current and past attachment relationships help new mothers express and recover from negative emotions. These findings further elucidate the associations between attachment status and emotion regulation while adding a couple perspective. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Augmented reality navigation systems

The augmented reality (AR) research community has been developing a manifold of ideas and concepts to improve the depiction of virtual objects in a real scene. In contrast, current AR applications require the use of unwieldy equipment which discourages their use. In order to essentially ease the perception of digital information and to naturally interact with the pervasive computing landscape, the required AR equipment has to be seamlessly integrated into the user’s natural environment. Considering this basic principle, this paper proposes the car as an AR apparatus and presents an innovative visualization paradigm for navigation systems that is anticipated to enhance user interaction.     

Techniques of Successful Application of Factor Analysis in Software Measurement

Metrics in a software sense can be roughly divided into two groups, internal metrics and external metrics. Internal metrics can be measured directly, while external metrics are predicted using internal metrics. Factor analysis is a statistical technique which can be applied to analyze the structure of internal metrics and form a prediction model for external metrics A prediction model generated by using factor analysis needs further validation since factor analysis has a non-unique solution for the factor-loading matrix. The computational methodology to establish a model is presented as well as the validation process. This is illustrated by an empirical study of design metrics and a prediction model for design quality.     

Laser induced impact ionization effect in MOSFET during 1064 nm laser stimulation

Laser stimulation with 1300 nm as thermal (TLS) and with 1064 nm as photoelectric (PLS) laser stimulation techniques are now widely used in failure analysis of Integrated Circuits. The stimulation signatures when using a 1064 nm laser are often a combination of PLS and TLS along with laser induced impact ionization. The results show the existence of laser induce impact ionization current component when high laser power is applied. This work presents a quantitative investigation of 1064 nm laser stimulation effects on single NMOSFET devices. For high laser power applications the impact ionization current becomes the dominant component for 1064 nm laser stimulation.     

Einflu? von Diphosphat auf biochemische Ver?nderungen post mortem und K?ltekontraktur in zerkleinertem Rindermuskel

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß des Zusatzes steigender Mengen (0–1,0%) an Diphosphat (DP) zuprae rigor zerkleinertem Rindermuskel auf den Abbau von Glykogen und Adenosintriphosphat (ATP) bei 4 °C wurde studiert, um festzustellen, ob die Wirkung von DP auf die myofibrillären Proteine des Fleisches diejenige eines ATP-Analogen ist. Steigende DP-Konzentrationen führen zu einer zunehmenden Beschleuni gung des Glykogenabbaues bis zur Stufe des Fructosediphosphats (FDP); dieser Effekt ist offenbar anorganischem Phosphat zuzuschreiben, welches durch enzymatische Spaltung des DP gebildet wird und das Phosphorylasesystem aktiviert. Bei DP-Konzentrationen von 0,4% und mehr kommt es zu einer beträchtlichen Hemmung des weiteren Abbaues von FDP; der ATP-Verbrauch im Gewebepost mortem ist dann höher als die durch Glykogenolyse bewirkte ATP-Resynthese. Steigende DP-Konzentrationen führen zu einer zunehmenden Verminderung des ATP-Turnover. —ATP-Zusatz zuprae rigor zerkleinertem Muskel ruft bereits in niedrigen Konzentrationen eine Hemmung der Kältekontraktur der Muskelfaser-Fragmente (Abnahme der Sarkomerenlänge) bei 1,5 °C hervor; dieser Effekt nimmt bis zu einer DP-Konzentration von 0,3% zu.Eine Diskussion dieser Ergebnisse führt zu der Annahme, daß DP und ATP um die gleiche(n) Bindungsstelle(n) am Myosin konkurriert und daß daher DP auf die myofibrillären Proteine des Fleisches die Wirkung eines ATP-Analogen ausübt. Die beobachteten Wirkungen des DP scheinen nicht auf einer komplexen Bindung von Ca²⁺-Ionen des Gewebes durch DP zu beruhen.

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Effect of diphosphate on biochemical changes post mortem and cold-shortening in ground bovine muscle

Summary The effect of increasing amounts (0–1.0%) of diphosphate (DP; pyrophosphate) added to pre-rigor ground bovine muscle on the breakdown of glycogen and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at 4 °C was studied in order to find out whether the effect of DP on the myofibrillar proteins of meat is that of an ATP analogue. Increasing DP concentration results in a gradual acceleration of the breakdown of glycogen down to fructose diphosphate (FDP); this acceleration is apparently due to the effect of inorganic phosphate formed by the enzymatic cleavage of DP which activates the phosphorylase system. A considerable inhibition of the further breakdown of FDP occurs at DP concentrations of 0.4% or more; then ATP consumption postmortem is higher than the glycolytic ATP resynthesized. Increasing DP concentration causes a decrease in ATP turnover. - Even at low concentrations, addition of DP to pre-rigor ground muscle causes an inhibition of the cold-shortening of muscle fiber fragments (decrease in sarcomere length) at 1.5 °C; this effect increases up to about 0.3% DP.A discussion of these results leads to the assumption that DP competes with ATP for the same binding site(s) on the myosin and, therefore acts as an ATP analogue. Complex formation by DP with Ca²⁺ions in the tissue does not seem to be responsible for the observed effects of DP.

     

Bestimmung von Mindestbiegeradien beim Biegen von runden Drähten und Stäben

Aufgabenstellung des Forschungsvorhabens. Beschreibung des angewendeten Rißprüfverfahrens. Ableitung der Gleichungen für den minimalen Biegeradius. Beschreibung der Zusammenhänge zwischen Mindestbiegeradius, Zugfestigkeit, Streckgrenzenverhältnis, Härte bei verschiedenen Stahlsorten in walzhartem und vorgezogenem Zustand. Örtliche Dehnungsverteilung. Entwicklung einer einfachen Beziehung zwischen Mindestbiegeradius und Brucheinschnürung. Diskussion dieser Korrelation anhand visioplastischer Ergebnisse.     

Plastomechanical analysis of cold shearing

Economical importance of cold shearing. Construction of a shearing apparatus. Mechanics of the shearing process. Upper bound analysis. Influence of technological parameters on shear energy, load and deformation geometry. Importance of work hardening.     

An alternative to the computational Speech Intelligibility Index estimates: Direct measurement of Rectangular Passband Intelligibilities.

The need for determining the relative intelligibility of passbands spanning the speech spectrum has been addressed by publications of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). When the Articulation Index (AI) standard (ANSI, S3.5, 1969, R1986) was developed, available filters confounded passband and slope contributions. The AI procedure and its updated successor, the Speech Intelligibility Index (SII) standard (ANSI, S3.5, 1997, R2007), cancel slope contributions by using intelligibility scores for partially masked highpass and lowpass speech to calculate passband importance values; these values can be converted to passband intelligibility predictions using transfer functions. However, by using very high-order digital filtering, it is now possible to eliminate contributions from filter skirts and produce rectangular passbands. Employing the same commercial recording and the same one-octave passbands published in the SII standard (Table B.3), the present study compares Rectangular Passband Intelligibility (RPI) with SII estimates of intelligibility. The directly measured RPI differs from the computational SII predictions. Advantages resulting from direct measurement are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)