Synthesis of Al2O3-SiC powder from electroceramics waste and its application in low-carbon MgO-C refractories

Composite additives are an efficient means to improve the high-temperature stability and slag resistance of low-carbon MgO-C refractories. In this work, Al₂O₃-SiC powder was firstly synthesized from electroceramics waste by carbon embedded method at 1500°C, 1550°C, and 1600°C for 4 h, and then the as-synthesized Al₂O₃-SiC powder was used as an additive to low-carbon MgO-C refractories. The effects of its addition amounts of 0, 2.5 wt.%, 5.0 wt.%, and 7.5 wt.% on the properties of the refractories were investigated in detail. It was found that increasing the heat treatment temperature is beneficial to the phase conversion of mullite and quartz to alumina and silicon carbide in the electroceramics waste. Furthermore, the addition of Al₂O₃-SiC powder effectively improves the performance of low-carbon MgO-C samples, and the formation of spinel dense layer and high-viscosity isolation layer is the internal reason for the improvement of the oxidation resistance and slag resistance of low-carbon MgO-C samples. This work provides ideas for the reuse of electroceramics waste and presents an alternative strategy for the performance optimization of low-carbon MgO-C refractories.     

Sintering behavior and morphology control of porous Al2O3-SiO2 ceramics for radome applications

Ceramics from porous Si₃N₄ and its derivatives SiAlON and Si₂N₂O were once considered the most promising high-temperature wave-transmitting materials. However, their large-scale application in the field of radomes is greatly restricted due to their poor oxidation resistance, high preparation costs, and expensive raw materials. Therefore, the development of low-cost porous oxide ceramics remains of significant interest to the field of high-temperature wave transmission. Surprisingly, mullite ceramics, which are representative of the Al₂O₃-SiO₂-system of ceramics, are ultra-low-cost materials with the potential to replace ceramics from Si₃N₄ and its derivatives. In this paper, integrated porous Al₂O₃-SiO₂-system ceramics were successfully prepared for load-bearing/wave-transmitting applications, using inexpensive calcined kaolin and alumina powder as the main raw materials. Calcined kaolin can provide seeds for the growth and development of mullite crystals in the ceramic system. High-strength and high-porosity ceramics were obtained with the mullite morphology controlled through the molar ratio of Al₂O₃ to SiO₂ and the resulting content of mullite seeds. With increasing of mullite seed content, the length and radial width of mullite whiskers with “interlocking structure” gradually change from rod-shaped “long and thick” to needle-like “short and thin.” The prepared porous Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ceramics have high flexural strength, fracture toughness, and good dielectric properties.     

Hierarchical porous metal-organic frameworks/polymer microparticles for enhanced catalytic degradation of organic contaminants

This work reports on a simple microfluidic strategy to controllably fabricate uniform polymeric microparticles containing hierarchical porous structures integrated with highly accessible catalytic metal organic frameworks for efficient degradation of organic contaminants. Monodisperse (W1/O)/W2 emulsion droplets generated from microfluidics are used as templates for the microparticle synthesis. The emulsion droplets contain tiny water microdroplets from homogenization and water nanodroplets from diffusion-induced swollen micelles as the dual pore-forming templates, and Fe-based metal-organic framework nanorods as the nanocatalysts. The obtained microparticles possess interconnected hierarchical porous structures decorated with highly accessible Fe-based metal-organic framework nanorods for enhanced degradation of organic contaminants via a heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction. Such a degradation performance is highlighted by using these microparticles for efficient degradation of rhodamine B in hydrogen peroxide solution. This work provides a simple and general strategy to flexibly combine hierarchical porous structures and catalytic metal-organic frameworks to engineer advanced microparticles for water decontamination.     

Room-temperature hydrogenation of halogenated nitrobenzenes over metal–organic-framework-derived ultra-dispersed Ni stabilized by N-doped carbon nanoneedles

Ultra-dispersed Ni nanoparticles (7.5 nm) on nitrogen-doped carbon nanoneedles (Ni@NCNs) were prepared by simple pyrolysis of Ni-based metal–organic-framework for selective hydrogenation of halogenated nitrobenzenes to corresponding anilines. Two different crystallization methods (stirring and static) were compared and the optimal pyrolysis temperature was explored. Ni@NCNs were systematically characterized by wide analytical techniques. In the hydrogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene, Ni@NCNs-600 (pyrolyzed at 600 °C) exhibited extraordinarily high performance with 77.9 h^–1 catalytic productivity and > 99% p-chloroaniline selectivity at full p-chloronitrobenzene conversion under mild conditions (90 °C, 1.5 MPa H₂), showing obvious superiority compared with reported Ni-based catalysts. Notably, the reaction smoothly proceeded at room temperature with full conversion and > 99% selectivity. Moreover, Ni@NCNs-600 afforded good tolerance to various nitroarenes substituted by sensitive groups (halogen, nitrile, keto, carboxylic, etc.), and could be easily recycled by magnetic separation and reused for 5 times without deactivation. The adsorption tests showed that the preferential adsorption of –NO₂ on the catalyst can restrain the dehalogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene, thus achieving high p-chloroaniline selectivity. While the high activity can be attributed to high Ni dispersion, special morphology, and rich pore structure of the catalyst.     

超低碳钢边部缺陷的形成及控制措施

针对超低碳钢冷轧边部缺陷问题,分析了其产生的原因,确定了中间坯温降、边部温降以及压下率、精轧立辊轧制力等工艺参数是边部缺陷产生的主要影响因素.通过安装粗轧机入、出口气喷和立辊挡水板装置,调整压下率和导尺开口度等热轧工艺参数,解决了超低碳边部质量问题.     

Wear mechanism of the loose layer on the rake face of a new cemented carbide micro groove turning tool

The loose layer can appear on the rake face of a turning tool under certain cutting conditions and have an important influence on the rake face wear. In this paper, wear morphology and wear mechanism of loose layer on the rake face of the original turning tool and the new cemented carbide micro groove turning tool developed independently during the cutting process are studied, by the combination of theoretical analysis and cutting test. And the relationships between the diffusion wear and the adhesive wear of the loose layer on the rake face of the new micro groove turning tool are further analyzed and revealed. The research results show that the loose layer on the rake face of two turning tools is caused by the diffusion wear, which is formed by the brittleness-weakening of tool material in the region resulting from elements diffusion. Meanwhile, the wear degree of the rake face of tools is aggravated by the mutual promotion of diffusion wear and adhesive wear. In the normal wear stage, the degree of looseness and brittleness of the rake face of the original turning tool is greater than the one of the micro groove turning tool. In the severe wear stage, cobalt elements in the rake face of the two turning tools are dissolved and diffused in varying degrees, which further aggravates the brittle-weakening of materials in the region. But the degree of loose brittleness of the rake face of the original turning tool is still greater than the one of the micro groove turning tool. It can be concluded that the micro groove on the rake face of the new turning tool can improve the rake face wear to a certain extent.     

供热用汽水换热器运行故障分析与处理措施

针对传统汽水换热器所出现的换热管与管板焊接接头泄漏问题,从换热器结构入手,通过改变饱和蒸汽的流动方式,增设防止蒸汽冲刷换热管接头的外导流筒,以及增加膨胀节,防止高温蒸汽对接头的直接冲刷,有效地降低换热管与管板焊接接头的拉脱力及应力水平,获得良好的使用效果。     

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/聚丙二醇共聚醚酯热性能研究

采用熔融缩聚法制备了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/聚丙二醇共聚醚酯（PET/PPG）,并采用核磁共振氢谱（1H-NMR）、热重分析（TGA）、差示扫描量热分析（DSC）、动态热分析（DMA）等研究了材料的结构与热性能,1H NMR结果证明了PET/PPG共聚物结构的存在,而且共聚物的组成与投料比非常接近;热分析的结果表明,聚醚链段的引入对热稳定性和熔融温度的影响不大,而玻璃化转变温度、冷结晶温度、冷结晶焓、储能模量、损耗正切的峰温均有明显下降.     

致密油藏体积压裂水平井产能评价

致密油藏储层中天然裂缝发育,表现出双重介质特性。通过体积压裂产生的人工压裂缝,可以有效改变水平井筒附近的地应力分布,同时通过水力压裂缝为桥梁,来增强天然裂缝与水力裂缝、以及水平井筒之间的联系,从而改善致密油藏内的流体渗流。本文通过将致密油藏划分为水力压裂缝控制外区域、水力压裂缝控制区域、裂缝内区域等一共三个渗流区域,并假设线性流为主要流动特征,对体积压裂水平井的初始产能进行了分析。研究表明,随着水力压裂缝条数的增加,水平井的初始产能增加。考虑钻完井成本、油价及财税影响,水力压裂缝的条数具有最优值。