新建本科高校卓越工程师人才的培养路径思考

新建本科院校已成为我国高等教育体系的重要组成部分和培养应用型人才的重要基地。经济发展方式的转变必然会gl起产业人才需求层次、专业结构的变化。卓越计划正是顺应这一变化而推出的人才培养模式的创新计划。针对这一机遇,新建本科院校培养卓越工程师人才必须以工程能力培养为核心,提升师资队伍建设水平和参与卓越计划的行业企业的介入深度与广度,做好“学校一企业”、“虚拟一现实”、“学生一工程师”的无缝对接。     

Deep blue light-emitting polymers with fluorinated backbone for enhanced color purity and efficiency

Two fluorene-based copolymers (PF-33F and PF-50F) with p-difluorophenylene units in the backbone were synthesized. In comparison with the reference poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO), the introduction of p-difluorophenylene units not only increased the fluorescent quantum yields, but also improved the spectra purity and stability of these deep blue emitting copolymers. The famous green emission band at 520 nm from fluorenone defects was never detected for these copolymers even after they were thermal annealed in air at 150 °C. Organic light-emitting diodes were fabricated using them as emitting layer and pure blue electroluminescence was obtained. It was observed that PF-33F based device exhibited much higher current density and brightness than PF-50F and PFO devices. A maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.14% (1.14 cd A^?1) and the CIE (0.16, 0.13) were achieved for PF-33F device, which are among the best performance for polyfluorenes reported so far.     

Stretching-induced interfacial crystalline structures and relevant mechanical properties in melt-spun polypropylene/whisker composite fibers

Crystalline structures especially the interfacial crystalline layers of semi-crystalline polymer/filler composites are markedly affected by the extensional force and keep an important role in macroscopic properties. In this study, we prepared the polypropylene and SiO₂–MgO–CaO whisker (SMCW) composite fibers by melt-spun technology. The structure–property relationship of the PP/SMCW composite fibers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, polarizing light microscopy, differential scanning calorimeter, the polarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and tensile test. Two different interfacial crystalline structures were observed by adopting two drawn ratios – shish-calabash structure obtained at the low drawn ratio and transcrystalline (TC) structure obtained at the high drawn ratio. Remarkable reinforcement of the fibers was realized for the composite fibers prepared at high drawn ratio, compared with that obtained at the low drawn ratio. It was deduced that the formation of transcrystalline structure could result in a better interfacial interaction than shish-calabash structure, and could be one of the most important reasons for the large improvement of tensile properties of composite fibers fabricated at high drawn ratio.     

浅谈工业废弃物在宁夏水泥行业的资源化研究

介绍了近期工业废弃物的排放现状,详细论述了宁夏水泥企业对工业固体废物的资源化利用现状,并分析了工业固废资源化利用存在的问题,进而提出了相应的建议。     

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM）对肿瘤发生发展的影响

实体肿瘤微环境一直处于复杂的慢性炎性状态中,其周围充满丰富的炎性介质、炎性细胞,以及调控紊乱的血管系统和蛋白水解酶类。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（tumor-associated macrophage,TAM）作为肿瘤相关炎症的主要参与者,它在促进肿瘤细胞增殖侵袭和迁移、新生血管形成以及产生免疫抑制等方面的功能对癌症的发生发展产生重要影响。因此针对TAM的深入研究具有重要的科学意义和临床价值,为肿瘤的治疗开辟新的思路和途径。     

Semicontinuous heterophase copolymerization of vinyl acetate and butyl acrylate

Vinyl acetate (VAc) and butyl acrylate (BuA) were copolymerized in heterophase by a semicontinuous process (unseeded) and compared with the seeded semicontinuous microemulsion polymerization of the same monomers. A mixture of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and poly(ethylene oxide) dodecyl ether (Brij‐35®) were used as surfactants. The effects of monomer addition rate (R_a) and surfactants concentrations (4 or 1 wt % with respect to the initial mixture of reaction) on polymer and latex properties were studied. High copolymer content latexes (24–36 wt %) with average particle diameters (D_p) from 38 to 55 nm and relatively narrow particle size distributions, high polymerization rates, weight ratios of polymer to surfactant (P/S) from 13.3 to 32.8 were obtained. The number‐average molecular weights (M_n) were between 96,000 and 188,000 g/mol. Homogeneous copolymer compositions were obtained throughout the reaction for both, seeded and unseeded processes, which is not possible by the usual batch microemulsion process. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Hierarchical mullite structures and their heat-insulation and compression–resilience properties

Near-net-shaped hierarchical structure-adjustable short mullite fibers/mullite whiskers frameworks (MF/MW frameworks) were prepared by slurry-filtration and heat-treating method. The main structure of MF/MW framework was constituted by lap-jointed mullite fibers. Every single fiber in the framework was densely covered by mullite whiskers which formed through fluorine-catalyzed gas-phase reaction, and the fibers actually served as curved substrates for the mullite whiskers' growth. The lap-jointing points of the fibers were served by movable intersected mullite whiskers. Moreover, the microstructure of the frameworks could be adjusted by tailoring the raw materials mass ratio. The volume densities, the apparent porosities and the thermal conductivities of the MF/MW frameworks in different raw materials mass ratios were 0.459–0.487 g/cm³, 79.7–82.8% and 0.1356–0.1965 W/k m, respectively. The compression–resilience property of the samples was tested under 0.4 MPa at room temperature. The compression ratio and resilience ratio of the MF/MW frameworks in different raw materials mass ratios were 1.63–2.25% and 92.67–98.16%, respectively. The MF/MW frameworks with advanced thermal and mechanical properties were considered to be promising high-temperature heat-insulation material.     

Synthesis of UV-curable acrylate polymer containing sulfonic groups for anti-fog coatings

A series of UV curable hydrophilic acrylate polymers containing sulfonic acid group was prepared via free radical copolymerization using 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) as hydrophilic monomer, which were used as prepolymers for anti-fog coatings. The expected structures were confirmed by FT-IR, ¹H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). These UV-curable acrylate polymers were then mixed with reactive diluents and photoinitiator to form coating formulas. Various substrates were coated with these formulas and cured under UV exposure to obtain transparent coatings with good adhesion and hardness. The anti-fog properties of UV-cured coating were measured by contact angle test and anti-fog test. The results showed that the AMPS content in prepolymer had a great influence on the anti-fog properties of UV-cured coating. The formula was optimized and the corresponding UV-curing anti-fog coating was manufactured. The test results indicated that the coatings showed good mechanical properties, great optical transparency and excellent anti-fog performance.     

Characterization and performance of dodecyl amine functionalized graphene oxide and dodecyl amine functionalized graphene/high‐density polyethylene nanocomposites: A comparative study

Dodecyl amine (DA) functionalized graphene oxide(DA‐GO) and dodecyl amine functionalized reduced graphene oxide (DA‐RGO) were produced by using amidation reaction and chemical reduction, then two kinds of well dispersed DA‐GO/high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and DA‐RGO/HDPE nanocomposites were prepared by solution mixing method and hot‐pressing process. Thermogravimetric, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffractions, and Raman spectroscopy analyses showed that DA was successfully grafted onto the graphene oxide surface by uncleophilic substitution and the amidation reaction, which increased the intragallery spacing of graphite oxide, resulting in the uniform dispersion of DA‐GO and DA‐RGO in the nonpolar xylene solvent. Morphological analysis of nanocomposites showed that both DA‐GO and DA‐RGO were homogeneously dispersed in HDPE matrix and formed strong interfacial interaction. Although the crystallinity, dynamic mechanical, gas barrier, and thermal stability properties of HDPE were significantly improved by addition of small amount of DA‐GO or DA‐RGO, the performance comparison of DA‐GO/HDPE and DA‐RGO/HDPE nanocomposites indicated that the reduction of DA‐GO was not necessary because the interfacial adhesion and aspect ratio of graphene sheets had hardly changed after reduction, which resulting in almost the same properties between DA‐GO/HDPE and DA‐RGO/HDPE nanocomposites. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39803.     

Physical study of room‐temperature‐cured epoxy/thermally reduced graphene oxides with various contents of oxygen‐containing groups

In this study, the effects of different oxygen‐containing group contents in thermally reduced graphene oxides (TRGs) for enhancing the physical properties of epoxy nancomposites was examined. The epoxy/TRG nanocomposites (ETNs) were prepared by a room temperature curing method in the presence of TRGs containing different oxygen‐containing groups and were then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. TRG contents with higher oxygen‐containing group contents (ca 33%) were found to show better dispersion capability in the epoxy matrix than TRGs with lower oxygen‐containing group contents (ca 11%) based on morphological observations by transmission electron microscopy. The better dispersion capability of TRGs with higher oxygen‐containing group contents in ETN membranes was found to lead to significantly enhanced mechanical strength, thermal stability and thermal conductivity based on measurements of dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile tests, thermogravimetric analysis and by the transient plane source technique. © 2014 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry