Discovering mappings in hierarchical data from multiple sources using the inherent structure

Unprecedented amounts of media data are publicly accessible. However, it is increasingly difficult to integrate relevant media from multiple and diverse sources for effective applications. The functioning of a multimodal integration system requires metadata, such as ontologies, that describe media resources and media components. Such metadata are generally application-dependent and this can cause difficulties when media needs to be shared across application domains. There is a need for a mechanism that can relate the common and uncommon terms and media components. In this paper, we develop an algorithm to mine and automatically discover mappings in hierarchical media data, metadata, and ontologies, using the structural information inherent in these types of data. We evaluate the performance of this algorithm for various parameters using both synthetic and real-world data collections and show that the structure-based mining of relationships provides high degrees of precision.     

Characteristics of Dioxane Lignins Isolated at Different Ages of Nalita Wood (Trema orientalis)

Abstract

Nalita (Trema orientalis) is one of the fastest growing trees in the tropical countries. The structural characteristics of lignin isolated at different ages of Nalita wood (Trema orientalis) by acidolytic dioxane method were examined by UV, FTIR, ¹H‐NMR and ¹³C‐NMR spectroscopy, alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation, molecular weight determination, elemental and methoxyl analysis. The data were compared with aspen lignin. The structural analysis revealed that Nalita wood lignin is syringyl‐guaiacyl type. The methoxyl content in Nalita wood lignin was lower than aspen lignin. The C₉ formulas for 30‐months‐old Nalita was C₉H_9.31O_3.13(OCH₃)_1.27, whereas that of aspen was C₉H_8.94O_3.15(OCH₃)_1.47. The weight average molecular weight of Nalita wood lignin was decreased from 36,500 to 25,500 with increasing tree age from 12 to 30 months, whereas weight average molecular weight of aspen was 20,000. Both alcoholic and phenolic hydroxyl group in Nalita wood lignin is lower than aspen lignin.     

Effect of the inflation strategy on the piezoelectric response of cellular poly(vinylidene fluoride) ferroelectret

Cellular poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-montmorillonite (MMT)-calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) based piezoelectret films were produced using uniaxial stretching and various gas diffusion expansion (GDE) treatments followed by corona charging. The cross section micrographs revealed that a cellular structure was developed at the interface between the solid CaCO₃ particles and the polymer matrix. Sample characterization showed that the piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃) was a function of the external gas pressure and treatment temperature, as well as the way they were applied. The results also showed that the maximum d₃₃ was obtained when the inflation pressure was increased stepwise from 3 to 5 MPa at a constant treatment temperature of 130°C for a certain period of time. Finally, the overall electromechanical performance of the cellular PVDF piezoelectrets is discussed in terms of the GDE procedure and the developed microstructures. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47540.     

Dynamic model for power systems with multiple FACTS controllers

Computer simulation and analysis of power systems are necessary for both planning and operation. This requires an appropriate mathematical model of the system that includes many inter-related linear/nonlinear differential and algebraic equations. Such mathematical model is also needed for the design of globally coordinated controllers to improve power system dynamic performance and stability. This paper presents a procedure for finding comprehensive dynamic models of power systems fitted with shunt and/or series connected FACTS controllers such as STATCOM, SSSC, and UPFC. In this procedure, individual components of a power system are modeled using appropriate frame of references. Then all related equations are transformed to a common network frame of reference and tied to each other through the Y-matrix of the transmission network. The procedure is tested on the Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC) test system including FACTS controllers by performing computer simulations of the system for three-phase short circuit faults. MATLAB/Simulink software package is used for the simulations.     

CsCDPK6, a CsSAMS1-Interacting Protein,Affects Polyamine/Ethylene Biosynthesis in Cucumber and Enhances Salt Tolerance by Overexpression in Tobacco

S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (SAMS) plays a crucial role in regulating stress responses. In a recent study, we found that overexpression of the cucumber gene CsSAMS1 in tobacco can affect the production of polyamines and ethylene, as well as enhancing the salt stress tolerance of tobacco, but the exact underlying mechanisms are elusive. The calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) family is ubiquitous in plants and performs different biological functions in plant development and response to abiotic stress. We used a yeast two-hybrid system to detect whether the protein CDPK6 could interact with SAMS1 and verified their interaction by bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays. To further explore the function of cucumber CDPK6, we isolated and characterized CsCDPK6 in cucumber. CsCDPK6 is a membrane protein that is highly expressed under various abiotic stresses, including salt stress. It was also observed that ectopic overexpression of CsCDPK6 in tobacco enhanced salt tolerance. Under salt stress, CsCDPK6-overexpressing lines enhanced the survival rate and reduced stomatal apertures in comparison to wild-type (WT) lines, as well as lowering malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) contents and causing less relative electrolyte leakage. Moreover, repression of CsCDPK6 expression by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in cucumber seedling cotyledons under salt stress increased ethylene production and promoted the transformation from putrescine (Put) to spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm). These findings shed light on the interaction of CsSAMS1 and CsCDPK6, which functions positively to regulate salt stress in plants.