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91.
Ricardo Beristain‐Cardoso Anne‐Claire Texier Reyes Sierra‐Álvarez Jim A Field Elías Razo‐Flores Jorge Gómez 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(9):1197-1203
BACKGROUND: Simultaneous removal of sulfur, nitrogen and carbon compounds from wastewaters is a commercially important biological process. The objective was to evaluate the influence of the CH3COO?/NO3? molar ratio on the sulfide oxidation process using an inverse fluidized bed reactor (IFBR). RESULTS: Three molar ratios of CH3COO?/NO3? (0.85, 0.72 and 0.62) with a constant S2?/NO3? molar ratio of 0.13 were evaluated. At a CH3COO?/NO3? molar ratio of 0.85, the nitrate, acetate and sulfide removal efficiencies were approximately 100%. The N2 yield (g N2 g?1 NO3?‐N consumed) was 0.81. Acetate was mineralized, resulting in a yield of 0.65 g inorganic‐C g?1 CH3COO?‐C consumed. Sulfide was partially oxidized to S0, and 71% of the S2? consumed was recovered as elemental sulfur by a settler installed in the IFBR. At a CH3COO?/NO3? molar ratio of 0.72, the efficiencies of nitrate, acetate and sulfide consumption were of 100%, with N2 and inorganic‐C yields of 0.84 and 0.69, respectively. The sulfide was recovered as sulfate instead of S0, with a yield of 0.92 g SO42?‐S g?1 S2? consumed. CONCLUSIONS: The CH3COO?/NO3? molar ratio was shown to be an important parameter that can be used to control the fate of sulfide oxidation to either S0 or sulfate. In this study, the potential of denitrification for the simultaneous removal of organic matter, sulfide and nitrate from wastewaters was demonstrated, obtaining CO2, S0 and N2 as the major end products. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
92.
运用现代CFD方法设计高效率的汽轮机(续前期) 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
T.Thiemann A.deLazzer M.Deckers 《热力透平》2003,32(3):172-177
论述了运用现代计算流体动力学(ComputationalFluidDynamics,CFD)技术设计高效率汽轮机的方法,典型应用的实例有全三维叶片级流场、叶片汽封和排汽蜗壳计算。计算结果和实际是相符的。进一步对结构性单元和非结构单元程序的计算结果进行了比较,已证明,非结构单元CFD程序用于复杂形状的流场计算时,结果与实际相当一致,并具有独特的功能。 相似文献
93.
Martín A. Rodríguez Ricardo M. Carranza Raúl B. Rebak 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2005,36(5):1179-1185
Alloy 22 (N06022) is the current candidate alloy used to fabricate the external wall of the high-level nuclear waste containers
for the Yucca Mountain repository. It was of interest to study and compare the general and localized corrosion susceptibility
of Alloy 22 in fluoride and chloride solutions at 90 °C. Standard electrochemical tests such as cyclic potentiodynamic polarization,
amperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used. Studied variables included the solution pH and the alloy
microstructure (thermal aging). Results show that Alloy 22 is highly resistant to general corrosion in all the solutions tested.
Thermal aging is not detrimental and even seems to be slightly beneficial for general corrosion at the higher solution pHs.
Pitting corrosion was never observed. Crevice corrosion was found only for high chloride-containing solutions after anodic
polarization. The presence of fluoride ions together with chloride ions seems to increase the susceptibility of Alloy 22 to
crevice corrosion compared to pure chloride solutions.
This article is based on a presentation made in the symposium “Effect of Processing on Materials Properties for Nuclear Waste
Disposition,” November 10–11, 2003, at the TMS Fall meeting in Chicago, Illinois, under the joint auspices of the TMS Corrosion
and Environmental Effects and Nuclear Materials Committees. 相似文献
94.
Ricardo Lopezlena Jacquelien M. A. Scherpen 《Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Systems (MCSS)》2006,18(4):345-368
Most of the energy functions used in nonlinear balancing theory can be expressed as storage functions in the framework of dissipativity theory. By defining a framework of discrete-time dissipative systems, this paper presents existence conditions for their discrete-time energy functions along with algorithms to find them based on dynamic optimization problems. Furthermore, the important case of the nonlinear discrete-time versions of the controllability and observability functions, its properties and algorithms to find them are presented. These algorithms are illustrated with linear and nonlinear examples. 相似文献
95.
Sebastián López Gustavo M. Callicó Félix Tobajas Valentín de Armas José F. López Roberto Sarmiento 《ETRI Journal》2008,30(6):862-864
This letter presents a novel approach for organizing computational resources into groups within H.264/AVC motion estimation architectures, leading to reductions of up to 75% in the equivalent gate count with respect to state‐of‐the‐art designs. 相似文献
96.
97.
M Isabel Sánchez de Rojas Julián Rivera Moisés Frías Félix Marín 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(3):209-217
Copper slag is a by‐product generated during smelting to extract copper metal from the ore. The copper slag obtained may exhibit pozzolanic activity and may therefore be used in the manufacture of addition‐containing cements. In this paper the effect of the incorporation of the copper slag in cement is measured. Blends of copper slag with Portland cement generally possess properties equivalent to Portland cement containing fly ash, but very different to the silica fume incorporation. Copper slag and fly ash reduce the heat of hydration more effectively than silica fume in mortars. The replacement of 30% cement by copper slag reduces the flexural and compressive strength in a similar way to fly ash; however, after 28 days, the reduction is less than the percentage of substitution. Hydrated calcium aluminate phases were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The pozzolanic activity of copper slag is similar to that of fly ash and higher than silica fume. In the presence of low water/cement ratios, certain pozzolanic materials produce a very compact cement paste that limits the space available for hydration products, a determining factor in the formation of hydrated calcium aluminates. SEM was found to be a useful analytical technique when aluminates are formed and can be clearly detected by XRD. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
98.
Abstract A comparison of three different but related numerical methods for control constrained optimal control of the Burgers equation is carried out. We develop the principal ideas of the different strategies considered and present detailed numerical examples. Lastly, conclusions about the behavior of the approaches are obtained. 相似文献
99.
In most used rotary valves in GM-type pulse-tube refrigerators the rotor makes heavy mechanical contact with the stator, so the valve is liable to wear, and large torques are needed. In this paper we will describe two types of valves, which have balanced forces on the rotor. In the first valve the rotor and the stator make no mechanical contact. The second type is a contact valve, like the classical valves, but the forces on the rotor are balanced in a different way. Therefore, these valves are less liable to wear, and the torques needed to rotate the valves are small. 相似文献
100.
Broersen P.M.T. de Waele S. Bos R. 《IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement》2004,53(4):981-986
Time series solutions for spectral analysis in missing data problems use reconstruction of the missing data, or a maximum likelihood approach that analyzes only the available measured data. Maximum likelihood estimation yields the most accurate spectra. An approximate maximum likelihood algorithm is presented that uses only previous observations falling in a finite interval to compute the likelihood, instead of all previous observations. The resulting nonlinear estimation algorithm requires no user-provided initial solution, is suited for order selection, and can give very accurate spectra even if less than 10% of the data remains. 相似文献