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991.
Guillermo de Len Adams Pere Grima Cintas Xavier Tort‐Martorell Llabrs 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》2006,22(7):803-810
When analysing the effects of a factorial design, it is customary to take into account the probability of making a Type I error (the probability of considering an effect significant when it is non‐significant), but not to consider the probability of making a Type II error (the probability of considering an effect as non‐significant when it is significant). Making a Type II error, however, may lead to incorrect decisions regarding the values that the factors should take or how subsequent experiments should be conducted. In this paper, we introduce the concept of minimum effect size of interest and present a visualization method for selecting the critical value of the effects, the threshold value above which an effect should be considered significant, which takes into account the probability of Type I and Type II errors. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
992.
993.
994.
Satellite-Based Energy Balance to Assess Within-Population Variance of Crop Coefficient Curves 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Masahiro Tasumi Richard G. Allen Ricardo Trezza James L. Wright 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,131(1):94-109
Quantifying evapotranspiration (ET) from agricultural fields is important for field water management, water resources planning, and water regulation. Traditionally, ET from agricultural fields has been estimated by multiplying the weather-based reference ET by crop coefficients (Kc) determined according to the crop type and the crop growth stage. Recent development of satellite remote sensing ET models has enabled us to estimate ET and Kc for large populations of fields. This study evaluated the distribution of Kc over space and time for a large number of individual fields by crop type using ET maps created by a satellite based energy balance (EB) model. Variation of Kc curves was found to be substantially larger than that for the normalized difference vegetation index because of the impacts of random wetting events on Kc, especially during initial and development growth stages. Two traditional Kc curves that are widely used in Idaho for crop management and water rights regulation were compared against the satellite-derived Kc curves. Simple adjustment of the traditional Kc curves by shifting dates for emergence, effective full cover, and termination enabled the traditional curves to better fit Kc curves as determined by the EB model. Applicability of the presented techniques in humid regions having higher chances of cloudy dates was discussed. 相似文献
995.
We discuss the possibility of a quantum phase transition in ultra-cold spin-polarized Fermi gases which exhibit a p-wave Feshbach resonance. We show that when fermionic atoms form a condensate that can be externally tuned between the BCS and BEC limits, the zero temperature compressibility and the spin susceptibility of the fermionic gas are non-analytic functions of the two-body bound state energy. This non-analyticity is due to a massive rearrangement of the momentum distribution in the ground state of the system. Furthermore, we show that the low temperature superfluid density is also non-analytic and exhibits a dramatic change in behavior when the critical value of the bound state energy is crossed. 相似文献
996.
S. Hinojosa O. Barbosa-Garca M.A. Meneses-Nava J.L. Maldonado E. de la Rosa-Cruz G. Ramos-Ortiz 《Optical Materials》2005,27(12):1839-1844
A poly-crystalline YAG matrix was obtained through the precipitation method; this matrix was single and co-doped with ytterbium and erbium ions, i.e., Yb:YAG, Er:YAG and Yb,Er:YAG. It is found that the measured luminescent properties are similar to those reported for a mono-crystal YAG matrix. In addition, by studying the energy transfer processes in co-doped samples, it is shown that at high erbium concentrations the red emission is enhanced through an up-conversion process that takes place from the 4I13/2 to the 4F9/2 state of erbium ions. This enhanced red emission becomes comparable in intensity to the observed green emission and occurs by pumping at 800 nm through a back energy transfer process. 相似文献
997.
B. Ouertani J. Ouerfelli M. Saadoun B. Bessaïs H. Ezzaouia J.C. Bernde 《Materials Characterization》2005,54(4-5):431-437
FeS2-thin films with good crystallinity were synthesized by a simple method which consists of sulphuration, under vacuum, of amorphous iron oxide thin films pre-deposited by spray pyrolysis of FeCl3·6H2O (0.03 M)-based aqueous solution onto glass substrates heated at 350 °C. At optimum sulphuration temperature (450 °C) and duration (6 h), black green layers having granular structure and high absorption coefficient (5.104 cm−1) were obtained. The study of the electrical properties of the as-prepared films vs. the temperature variations showed three temperature domain dependence of the conductivity behaviour. The first one corresponds to the high temperature range (330 K–550 K) for which an Arrhenius plot type was obtained. The activation energy value was estimated at about 61.47 meV. The second domain corresponding to the intermediate temperature range (80 K–330 K) showed a variable activation energy between the grain boundaries. The barrier height, q¯, was estimated to 27±0.5 meV, and the standard deviation, qσ, was evaluated at about 14±0.5 meV. We found that at lower temperatures (20 K–80 K), the conductivity is governed by two conduction types. The density of localised states, was about 2.45×1020 eV−1 cm−3. 相似文献
998.
Patterned armor performance evaluation 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
William S. de Rosset 《International Journal of Impact Engineering》2005,31(10):1223-1234
Patterned armor is characterized by an array of repeating cells, such as tiled ceramic armor or reactive armor boxes. Performance characteristics of an ideal patterned armor with respect to multiple hits are discussed, and the types of single-shot ballistic data needed to quantify that performance are presented. An approach to use these data is developed to provide a quantitative measure (probability of nonperforation after a given number of impacts) of the patterned armor performance against multiple impacts. This performance measure can then be compared to a well-posed multiple-hit criterion to assess whether the patterned armor meets the criterion. 相似文献
999.
In medical research differences among treatment groups are a common focus of study. The concept of relative hazard rate is
a tool for comparing two groups in terms of their difference in risk rates. A kernel estimator is proposed in the case where
both samples are subject to left truncation and right censoring and an iid representation is obtained in this setup. The asymptotic
distribution and the asymptotic mean squared error of the estimator are obtained. An application to the famous Channing House
data set illustrates the theory.
Research supported in part by MCyT Grants PB98-0182-C02-01 and BFM2002-00265 (ERDF support included) and XUGA Grant PGIDT00PX110501
PN for the first author and by the Ministry of the Flemish Community (Project BIL00/28, International Scientific and Technological
Cooperation) and by the IAP research network nr P5/24 of the Belgian State (Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural
Affairs) for the last two authors. 相似文献
1000.
A. A. Zhukov E. T. Filby A. V. Goncharov M. A. Ghanem P. N. Bartlett R. Boardman H. Fangohr V. V. Metlushko V. Novosad G. Karapetrov P. A. J. de Groot 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2005,139(1-2):339-349
Using self-assembly from colloidal suspensions of polystyrene latex spheres we prepared well-ordered templates. By electrochemical
deposition of magnetic and superconducting metals in the pores of such templates highly ordered magnetic and superconducting
anti-dot nano-structures with 3D architectures were created. Further developments of this template preparation method allow
us to obtain dot arrays and even more complicated structures. In magnetic anti-dot arrays we observe a large increase in coercive
field produced by nanoscale (50–1000nm) holes. We also find the coercive field to demonstrate an oscillatory dependence on
film thickness. In magnetic dot arrays we have explored the genesis of 3D magnetic vortices and determined the critical dot
size. Superconducting Pb anti-dot arrays show pronounced Little-Parks oscillations in Tc and matching effects in magnetization and magnetic susceptibility. The spherical shape of the holes results in significantly
reduced pinning strength as compared to standard lithographic samples. Our results demonstrate that self-assembly template
methods are emerging as a viable, low cost route to prepare sub-micron structures. 相似文献