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81.
Julio Vidaurre-Ruiz Francisco Salas-Valerio Regine Schoenlechner Ritva Repo-Carrasco-Valencia 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2021,56(1):468-479
The objective of this research was to evaluate the rheological and textural properties of gluten-free doughs based on potato starch, which was partially substituted by different proportions of quinoa (10%, 30% and 50%), kiwicha (10%, 30% and 50%) or tarwi flour (10%, 20% and 30%). The influence of the substitution on the kinetics of the leavening process was studied as well. The back-extrusion technique was used to determine rheological and textural properties of the dough, and the leavening kinetics were modelled using the Gompertz equation. The results showed that textural properties such as firmness, consistency, cohesiveness and viscosity index, as well as the consistency index of the doughs increased as the level of substitution of the Andean grain flour in the formulation increased. It was determined that the formulations with an addition of 10% and 20% for quinoa or kiwicha flour, and 10% for tarwi flour would be most suitable for developing gluten-free breads. 相似文献
82.
The aim of this study was to estimate the current concentrations of 90Sr and 137Cs in the urine of Finnish people and to estimate the doses. Two to three daily urine samples were collected from 18 adult Finnish volunteers in connection with studies of 137Cs body burdens in 1999-2001. The 90Sr activities in urine varied between 1.4 and 11 mBq l(-1). The 137Cs activity in urine varied between 0.36 and 56 Bq l(-1). The daily urinary excretion was found to be 4.8-17 mBq for 90Sr and 0.81-68 Bq for 137Cs. Assuming that the daily 90Sr intake was constant and that 18% of the ingested activity was excreted in urine, the mean intake in the investigated group would vary between 27 and 96 mBq d(-1). Based on these estimated intake values, the respective annual effective internal doses from 90Sr and 90Y varied from 0.3 to 1.0 microSv and from 137Cs from 4 to 350 microSv during the sampling period. 相似文献
83.
Occurrence of nitrifiers and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in developing drinking water biofilms 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Lipponen MT Martikainen PJ Vasara RE Servomaa K Zacheus O Kontro MH 《Water research》2004,38(20):4424-4434
We studied the population dynamics of nitrifying bacteria during the development of biofilms up to 233 or 280 days on polyvinylchloride pipes connected to two full-scale drinking water distribution networks supplying processed and chloraminated surface water. The numbers of nitrifiers in biofilms were enumerated at intervals of 10–64 days by the most probable number (MPN) method at waterworks and at several study sites in distribution network areas. The numbers of nitrifiers increased towards the distal sites. The highest detected MPN counts of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) for study areas 1 and 7 were 500 MPN cm−2 and 1.0×106 MPN cm−2, and those of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) 96 MPN cm−2 and 2.2×103 MPN cm−2, respectively. The diversity of AOB was determined by PCR amplifying, cloning and sequencing the partial ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) gene of selected biofilm samples presenting different biofilm ages. The PCR primers used, A189 and A682, also amplified a fragment of particulate methane monooxygenase (pmoA) gene of methane-oxidizing bacteria. The majority of biofilm clones (24 out of 30 studied) contained Nitrosomonas amoA-like sequences. There were only two pmoA-like sequences of Type I methanotrophs, and four sequences positioned in amoA/pmoA sequence groups of uncultured bacteria. From both study area very similar or even completely identical Nitrosomonas amoA-like sequences were obtained despite of high difference in AOB numbers. The results show that the conditions in newly formed biofilms in drinking water distribution systems favor the growth of Nitrosomonas-type AOB. 相似文献
84.
85.
Tuija Jetsu Ville Heikkinen Anahit Pogosova Timo Jaaskelainen Jussi Parkkinen 《Color research and application》2009,34(5):341-350
Recent break‐throughs in retinal imaging have raised new questions for color vision research, and the existing color vision models should be re‐evaluated. Many color vision models are based on an assumption that there are no differences in the detection phase, neither in the spatial configuration nor in the spectral sensitivities of cells. In this article, we have run experiments with four different color vision models. This evaluation gives us more knowledge about the essential properties of the models. We show how the tested color vision models are able to replicate the behaviour of human color vision by evaluating their performance in Farnsworth‐Munsell 100‐Hue color vision test. Also, the wavelength discrimination power of each model is presented and the properties of color spaces spanned by models are examined using samples from Munsell Book of Color. Our experiments show that there are large differences in the properties of different models. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 341–350, 2009 相似文献
86.
Hanne Heikkinen Piia Jallinoja Samuli I Saarni Kristiina Patja 《Nicotine & tobacco research》2008,10(7):1199-1207
The objective of the study was to examine the association between overall and health-related quality of life and smoking in men and women of discrete smoking groups in Finland. The design was a Health 2000 Survey, conducted in Finland 2000--2001. The setting and participants were a two-stage, stratified, nationally representative cluster sample that comprised 8,028 persons aged 30 or over living in mainland Finland. Health-related quality of life was measured by the 15D questionnaire; and overall quality of life was assessed by a single question measure capturing the respondent's own perception and estimation of his/her quality of life. The present study showed that daily smokers had both lower health-related and overall quality of life than never-smokers among the Finnish adult population. Health-related quality of life profiles showed that daily smokers did worse than never-smokers in a considerable number of the health dimensions. The effects of smoking were observed not only through health: the daily smokers registered significantly lower ratings of overall quality of life compared with never-smokers, too. Both the health-related and overall quality of life of ex-smokers approached those of never-smokers. The results of the present study suggest that improved health is not the only benefit of smoking cessation; better quality of life and more fulfilling everyday living can also be expected. As the major health consequences of smoking usually manifest themselves only after several years of smoking, both health-related and overall quality of life measurements could be used as an intervention tool for motivating people to quit. 相似文献
87.
88.
Jasna S. Stevanic Catherine Joly Kirsi S. Mikkonen Kari Pirkkalainen Ritva Serimaa Caroline Rémond Guillermo Toriz Paul Gatenholm Maija Tenkanen Lennart Salmén 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2011,122(2):1030-1039
There is an increasing interest in substituting today's films for food packaging applications with films based on renewable resources. For this purpose, rye arabinoxylans, unmodified and enzymatically debranched, were studied for the preparation of neat films and composite films reinforced with bacterial cellulose (BC). Mixing in a homogenizer produced optically transparent, uniform films. Physical and mechanical characteristics of such films are here reported. Debranching of the arabinoxylan caused an increase in its crystallinity of 20%. Debranching as well as reinforcement with BC resulted in a decrease of the moisture sorption of the films. The debranching also resulted in a reduced breaking strain while the reinforcement with BC increased stiffness and strength of the films. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011 相似文献
89.
ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to study mottling in offset printing. The papers studied were coated and princed LWC-papers.The base paper was obtained from a commercial source. Both macroscopic and microscopic analyses were performed.The conventional macroscopic methods take into account variations in nm-cm scale while the microscopic methods consider the nm-pm scale. The used conventional methods could not emplain mottling. Microscopic studies, however, revealed that mottling could be a problem caused by varying coat weight and surface structure. The influence of different drying strategies was also studied. The beet print result was obtained on paper where the drying was relativeiy intense in the beginning of the process and mild during the coating color immobilization stage. Uneven binder migration was not found in these samples. 相似文献
90.
Heikkinen A Alaranta A Helenius I Vasankari T 《Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition》2011,8(1):1