Bodies, antibodies, and neighborhood-density effects in masked form priming.

Facilitatory priming effects due to similarity of orthographic form are obtained for high-N target words provided that they have low-frequency bodies and the body is shared between the prime and target (e.g., perd-HERD). Conversely, it is shown that low-N target words show priming regardless of the frequency of the body, provided that the prime and target do not share the same body (e.g., drice-DRIVE). If the body is shared, then priming occurs only for targets with low-frequency bodies. These results suggest that neighborhood density should be defined in terms of both individual letter units and subsyllabic units and that both types of density jointly determine priming. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Earvin "Magic" Johnson's HIV serostatus disclosure: Effects on men's perceptions of AIDS.

The effects of celebrity self-disclosure of HIV seropositivity on perceptions of HIV and AIDS were investigated. AIDS-related interest and knowledge measures were collected from 468 men before and after basketball star Earvin "Magic" Johnson's self-disclosure of HIV seropositivity. Increased interest in AIDS paralleled media coverage of the announcement, with the most substantial effects occurring within 2 wks. Perceived impact of the disclosure was greatest among African-American men and men who had not previously known someone with HIV/AIDS. Celebrity self-disclosure appears to affect perceptions through mechanisms similar to those involved in personally knowing someone infected with HIV. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Adolescent psychopathology: I. Prevalence and incidence of depression and other DSM-III—R disorders in high school students": Correction.

Reports an error in the original article by P. M. Lewinsohn et al ( Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1993[Feb], Vol 102[1], 133–244). On page 140, in the Total Incidence columns in Table 4, the data for the Attention Deficit row should be switched with that for the Conduct row. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1993-25780-001.) Data were collected on the point and lifetime prevalences, 1-yr incidence, and comorbidity of depression with other Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-III-Revised (DSM-III-R) disorders in a randomly selected sample (n?=?1,710) of high school students at point of entry and at 1-yr follow-up (n?=?1,508). The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children was used to collect diagnostic information; 9.6% met criteria for a current disorder, more than 33% had experienced a disorder over their lifetimes, and 31.7% of the latter had experienced a 2nd disorder. High relapse rates were found for all disorders, especially for unipolar depression (18.4%) and substance use (15.0%). Female Ss had significantly higher rates at all age levels for unipolar depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and adjustment disorders; male Ss had higher rates of disruptive behavior disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Terrorism in the 1990s

Terrorism: A Reference Handbook, Stephen Atkins, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO (1992), 199 pp. Terrorism: Roots, Impact, Responses, Lawrence Howard (Ed.), Prager, New York (1992), 193 pp. Hostage-Taking Terrorism: Incident Response Strategy, Alastair MacWillson, St Martins, New York (1992), 263 pp.     

Moderated analyses of longitudinal personality stability.

Private self-consciousness, personal agency, self-monitoring, and Openness to Experience were examined as possible moderators of differential stability of personality. Self-reports and observer ratings on the NEO Personality Inventory from 2 longitudinal studies were reanalyzed using moderated multiple regression; no consistent moderator effects were found. Furthermore, analyses of raw change and individual stability scores across observers failed to find significant agreement. In adults, changes in personality scores across occasions are apparently due chiefly to error of measurement, and subsets of individuals showing true changes cannot be reliably identified. It is concluded that stable individual differences in basic dimensions are a universal feature of adult personality. Future research on moderators of stability might be better focused on changes in attitudes, habits, roles, and relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The relationship between attachment, psychopathology, and childhood disability.

Analyzes the literature on 3 aspects of attachment—neurobiological influences, interpersonal and intrapersonal factors, and societal factors—in the psychological development of chronically disabled children. Evidence suggests that neurochemical substances such as cortisol and brain biogenic amine systems reciprocally interact with psychological and psychosocial factors to influence attachment. Interpersonal and intrapersonal factors such as temperamental characteristics of children, severity and type of disability, and family influences interact in the process of attachment. Social perceptions and prejudices about the disabled individual increase parental stress, and diminish parental involvement and resources, which are necessary for attachment. These 3 processes are powerful and interrelated forces in child development, with potential to modify social competence, neurological development, and psychosocial adjustment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Creep deformation structural analysis using an efficient numerical algorithm

This paper presents a fast numerical algorithm for the implementation of material models for creep into finite element codes. First, an overview of existing algorithms for transient and steady-state creep is given. Next, a new formulation is presented which reduces the constitutive integration to the solution of a scalar non-linear algebraic equation. A solution is shown to exist without the need for subincrementation. Details of the numerical algorithm are then discussed. The paper closes with several numerical examples which illustrate the speed, robustness and accuracy of the proposed procedure as implemented in the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory finite element codes NIKE2D and NIKE3D.