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991.
Brucker RM Baylor CM Walters RL Lauer A Harris RN Minbiole KP 《Journal of chemical ecology》2008,34(1):39-43
Beneficial bacteria that live on salamander skins have the ability to inhibit pathogenic fungi. Our study aimed to identify
the specific chemical agent(s) of this process and asked if any of the antifungal compounds known to operate in analogous
plant–bacteria–fungi systems were present. Crude extracts of bacteria isolated from salamander skin were exposed to HPLC,
UV-Vis, GC-MS, and HR-MS analyses. These investigations show that 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol is produced by the bacteria isolate
Lysobacter gummosus (AB161361), which was found on the red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus. Furthermore, exposure of the amphibian fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (isolate JEL 215), to different concentrations of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol resulted in an IC50 value of 8.73 μM, comparable to crude extract concentrations. This study is the first to show that an epibiotic bacterium
on an amphibian species produces a chemical that inhibits pathogenic fungi. 相似文献
992.
The effect of unsaturated fatty acids on the abundance of Δ6 desaturase (D6D) mRNA and the fatty acid composition of HepG2
cell membranes was examined. Supplementation of HepG2 cells with oleic acid (18:1n-9, OA), linoleic acid (18:2n-6, LA), α-linolenic
acid (18:3n-3, ALA), arachidonic acid (20:4n-6, AA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) reduced D6D mRNA abundance by
39 ± 6.6, 40 ± 2.2, 31 ± 5.2, 55 ± 4.8, and 52 ± 5.0%, respectively, compared with control cells. Despite the reduction in
D6D mRNA abundance, the level of D6D conversion products (20:3n-9, EPA and AA) in OA, ALA and LA supplemented cells, respectively,
was elevated above that in control cells. Our results suggest that although unsaturated fatty acids decrease the abundance
of D6D mRNA by as much as 50%, the conversion of polyunsaturated fatty acids and accumulation of long chain polyunsaturated
fatty acids (LCPUFA) in HepG2 cell phospholipids continues to occur. 相似文献
993.
994.
Recent Developments in the Field of Thermal Barrier Coatings 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Conventional thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems consist of a duplex structure with a metallic bondcoat and a ceramic, heat-isolative
topcoat. Several recent research activities are concentrating on developing improved bondcoat or topcoat materials; for the
topcoat especially, those with reduced thermal conductivity are investigated. Using advanced topcoat materials, the ceramic
coating can be further divided into layers with different functions. One example is the double-layer system in which conventional
yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is used as bottom and new materials such as pyrochlores or perovskites are used as topcoat
layers. These systems demonstrated an improved temperature capability compared to standard YSZ. In addition, new functions
are introduced within the TBCs. These can be sensorial properties that can be used for an improved temperature control or
even for monitoring remaining lifetime. Further increased application temperatures will also lead to efforts for a further
improvement of the reflectivity of the coatings to reduce the radiative heat transfer through the TBC. 相似文献
995.
996.
Steven C. Cermak Jakob W. Bredsguard Robert O. Dunn Travis Thompson Kati A. Feken Katie L. Roth James A. Kenar Terry A. Isbell Rex E. Murray 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2014,91(12):2101-2109
A series of 26 different antioxidants and commercial antioxidant packages designed for petroleum‐based materials, containing both natural and synthetic‐based materials, were evaluated with dimeric coconut‐oleic estolide 2‐ethylhexyl ester (2‐EH), a bio‐based material. The different antioxidants were categorized into different classes of phenolic, aminic, and blended/others materials. The oxidation onset temperatures (OT) using non‐isothermal pressurized differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC) were measured and recorded under previously reported standard conditions. The aminic series gave the best resistance to oxidation as defined by the PDSC method with OT of 246.6 and 244.7 °C for the best two performers, which was a 38 °C improvement over the uninhibited or unformulated dimer estolide material. The phenolic series, containing most of the naturally occurring antioxidants, was the least successful formulation package for the dimer estolide. The blended/other materials, which were specifically designed for petroleum‐based lubricants, did not have the best OT, since the estolides and other bio‐based materials interact differently than their petroleum counterparts. A number of potential antioxidants have been identified as useful additives for the estolides esters. The OT of the estolide and formulated materials correlated well with other bio‐based materials such as biodiesel. 相似文献
997.
Maria Tynek Roman Pawłowicz Justyna Gromadzka Robert Tylingo Waldemar Wardencki Gyorgy Karlovits 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2012,114(3):357-366
The aim of the present study was to compare different rape varieties. For this purpose oil from six different varieties of rapeseeds was cold pressed under laboratory conditions. In the obtained rapeseed oils the fatty acids composition and minor components, characteristic values (acid value; AV and TOTOX), oxidative stability (DSC test), and volatiles were determined and a sensory evaluation was carried out. The highest oxidative stability was found for oil from sample 5 (IP = 158 min), which also has the lowest amount of C18:3 (7.8%), chlorophylls (0.083 mg/kg), and metals (Cu2+ 0.02 mg/kg and Fe2+ 0.08 mg/kg). This oil has also the lowest AV (0.17 mg KOH/g), which may be related to the lowest moisture content of the seeds prior to extraction. It was characterized by the highest rapeseed flavor intensity. The lowest induction period was observed for samples 3 and 6 (100 min). Although sample 3 had the same low level of metals as sample 5 and the highest concentration of tocopherols (635 mg/kg), PUFA (33.9%), and AV (1.37 mg KOH/g) it also had the lowest intensity of rapeseed flavor among the analyzed oils. Sample 6, despite its low percentage of PUFA (24.7%), conjugated diens and triens, and the lowest content of total volatiles (0.4Vs), had the highest concentration of metals (Cu2+ 0.04 mg/kg and Fe2+ 0.34 mg/kg). 相似文献
998.
Robert Freestone 《Landscape and urban planning》1997,36(4):247-257
Suburban “edge cities” are an international phenomenon registering the impacts of a growing global economy, the increasing footlooseness of capital, advances in communication technology, the growth of hi-tech industry, and the forces of decentralisation. Yet they do assume culturally specific forms. Using the case study of North Ryde in the Sydney metropolitan area, differences between Australia and the United States in terms of the dynamism and scale of their respective edge-city environments are highlighted. Four explanatory factors are identified: the comparative nature of the Australian economy, the differential strength of planning controls, contrasting central city—suburban relationships, and a lesser degree of freeway dependence. 相似文献
999.
The Boolean Vector Machine (BVM) is a large network of extremely small processors with very small memories operating in SIMD mode using bit serial arithmetic. Individual processors communicate via a hardware implementation of the Cube Connected Cycles (CCC) network. A prototype BVM with 2048 processing elements, each with 200 binary bits of memory, is currently being built using VLSI technology.
The BVM's bit-serial arithmetic and the small memories of individual processors are apparently a drawback to its effectiveness when applied to large numerical problems. In this paper we analyze an implementation of a basic matrix-vector iteration algorithm for sparse matrices on the BVM. We show that a 220 Pe BVM can deliver over 1 billion (109) useful floating-point operations per second for this problem. The algorithm is expressed in a new language (BVL) which has been defined for programming the BVM. 相似文献
1000.
Richard E. Nygren H. Charles Harjes Peter Wakeland Robert Ellis Henry W. Kugel Robert Kaita Laura Berzak Leonid Zakharov Brian Ehrhart 《Fusion Engineering and Design》2009,84(7-11):1438-1441
The liquid lithium divertor (LLD) to be installed in NSTX has four toroidal panels, each a conical section inclined at 22° like the previous graphite divertor tiles. Each LLD panel is a copper plate clad with 0.25 mm of stainless steel (SS) and a surface layer of flame sprayed molybdenum (Mo) that will host lithium deposited from an evaporator. LITER (evaporators) already used in NSTX will be upgraded for the LLD. Each has twelve 500 W cartridge heaters with thermocouples, 16 other thermocouples, and a channel for helium cooling. During LLD experiments, the LLD will be heated so that the lithium is just above its melting temperature. The length of each shot will be preset to prevent excessive evaporation of lithium from the LLD. This duration depends on the heat load and is likely to be in the range of less than a second to several seconds. Careful thermal control of the LLD is important to maximize the shot times and to guide operation of the LLD. This paper describes the layout of the LLD, its expected thermal performance, the control system, and supporting experiments and analysis. A companion paper in this conference, “Physics design requirements for the national spherical torus experiment liquid lithium divertor,” provides other information. 相似文献