Purity of Aluminum Hydroxide Derived from Triethylaluminum

Aluminum hydroxide obtained by hydrolysis of triethylaluminum is free of uranium and thorium at detection limits of 1 to 9 parts per billion (ppb). Other impurities commonly associated with aluminum oxides are present at low levels (Fe, ∼ 1 ppm; Si, 3 to 6 ppm). When the organoaluminum is intentionally contaminated with an iron salt, purity is restored by a simple distillation.     

Effects of Particle Size on the Fusion of Soda–Lime–Silicate Glass Containing NaCl

The coupled effects of particle size and 1 wt% NaCl additions on the sequence of melting reactions in a multicomponent system (sand–soda ash–calcite–dolomite–feldspar) were studied using data from DTA, DTGA, and XRD interactively. Glass batches varied in average particle size from 250 μm to finer than 45 μm. Milestone events in the fusion process of the coarse particle base glass were elucidated. The termination temperature of the last significant reaction associated with CO₂ release was 35°C lower in the fine particle size batch than with the coarsest batch. Liquid-phase formation at ∼523°C in the batch with 1 wt% NaCl occurred to an increasingly sizable extent with decreasing particle size. This contrasts with a similar effect at ∼630°C for a comparable batch without NaCl via eutectic melting between soda ash and dolomite. Sodium chloride additions significantly enhanced dissolution of CaO relic.     

Lactobacillic and methyl-branched olefinic acids inByrsocarpus coccineus seed oil

A detailed investigation of the seed oil ofByrsocarpus coccineus Schum. and Thonn. has disclosedcis-11,12-methyleneoctadecanoic (lactobacillic) (13%) and two branched octadecenoic acids (0.1%). Other fatty acids in the oil are those normally associated with seed lipids except for an unusually high proportion (12%) ofcis-11-octadecenoic acid. Lactobacillic acid has long been known as a constituent of certain bacterial lipids, but this is the first report of its presence in a seed oil. The branched olefinic acids have not heretofore been found to occur in plants. Mention of firm names or trade products does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned.     

Fatty acid composition of seed oils of the meliaceae,including one genus rich incis-vaccenic acid

The seed lipids of three species ofEntandraphragma (Meliaceae) contain the largest proportion (31–50%) ofcis-vaccenic acid ever found in nature. The acid is not indicative of the family as a whole and is found as a major fatty acid in the seed of only one additional species, besidesEntandraphragma, out of the 30 analyzed from this family. With the total oil comprising between 45 and 62% ofEntandraphragma seed, these species should be considered as a source of undecadioic acid for the production of nylon 11.     

Palmitoleic acid inRoureopsis obliquifoliata (Connaraceae) Seed oil

Roureopsis obliquifoliata Schellenberg seeds contain an oil (45% by weight) comprised primarily of 16-carbon fatty acids. Palmitic acid constitutes 50% of the fatty acids, palmitoleic acid 32%, and small amounts of the usual C₁₈ acids make up the remainder. Identifications were based on Chromatographic properties of the acids and their ozonolysis products.     

Detection of spermaceti in a hand cream

The presence of spermaceti, an embargoed item, was confirmed in a sample of hand cream detained by federal agents. The identification was based on chromatographic characteristics of the intact wax esters and of their component fatty acids and alcohols. These acids and alcohols were combined in a manner so closely resembling spermaceti that they undoubtedly came from this source.     

Myristicin. The major volatile component in mature seed ofPortenschlagia ramosissima

Portenschlagia ramosissima (Port.) vis. (Umbelliferae) seed contains 15% essential oils, 70% of which is the aromatic ether myristicin. These structural assignments were made from nuclear magnetic resonance, combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and infrared and ultraviolet data. GC-MS data also indicate the presence of pinene, cymene, terpinene, elemicin, methyl eugenol, and a variety of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons.     

Status of aqueous surfactant phase science

Recent phase studies of several surfactant-water systems, using new or refined methods, have revealed significant errors in earlier phase diagrams. These diagrams had been determined largely using methods based on the isoplethal phase studies principle. This principle has inherent limitations which do not exist in isothermal methods. Isothermal nuclear magnetic resonance and refined calorimetric methods have been extensively used in recent surfactant phase studies. Methods based on the new lyotrope gradient (swelling) principle show great promise as a means of improving the efficiency and quality of surfactant phase studies.     

Superposition of the notched strength of composite laminates

An improved macroscopic model for predicting the strength of a composite laminate containing a circular notch is developed. Two constants are introduced which uniquely determine the notch sensitivity of a given material. A superposition method for the notched strength of composite laminates is developed which allows data for arbitrary materials and laminate configurations to be superimposed upon a single master curve. The influence of material orthotropy upon notched strength is discussed. A relative notch sensitivity parameter is introduced which allows quantification of the notch sensitivity of a given composite material system, stacking sequence, or laminate configuration.     

Preparation and characterization of a number of amine salts of long-chain fatty acids

Summary Eighty-eight amine salts of long-chain fatty acids have been prepared, purified by solvent crystallization, and characterized. Forty-five of these were salts of palmitic acid. The rest included salts of capric, lauric, myristic, stearic, oleic, elaidic, and 12-hydroxystearic acids. A variety of aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic amines, including primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, were investigated. The majority of these gave 1∶1 acid-amine compounds on solvent recrystallization of an equimolar mixture of acid and amine. Some of the amines gave no crystallizable salt, and with others the pure salt could not be obtained by this procedure. Under the same conditions the symmetrical alkyl, substituted alkyl, and aralkyl secondary amines investigated gave crystallizable compounds containg two molecules of fatty acid to one of amine. Molecular compounds of 2-aminopyridine with four molecules of saturated fatty acid were formed by recrystallization starting with a 1 to 4 amine-acid mixture. Surface-tension measurements were made for aqueous solutions of a few of the amine salts. One of the laboratories of the Southern Utilization Research and Development Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture.