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Andrea Scaccabarozzi Simona Binetti Maurizio Acciarri Giovanni Isella Roberta Campesato Gabriele Gori Maria Cristina Casale Fulvio Mancarella Michael Noack Hans von Knel Leo Miglio 《Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications》2016,24(10):1368-1377
We report preliminary results on InGaP/InGaAs/Ge photovoltaic cells for concentrated terrestrial applications, monolithically integrated on engineered Si(001) substrates. Cells deposited on planar Ge/Si(001) epilayers, grown by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition, provide good efficiency and spectral response, despite the small thickness of the Ge epilayers and a threading dislocation density as large as 107/cm2. The presence of microcracks generated by the thermal misfit is compensated by a dense collection grid that avoids insulated areas. In order to avoid the excessive shadowing introduced by the use of a dense grid, the crack density needs to be lowered. Here, we show that deep patterning of the Si substrate in blocks can be an option, provided that a continuous Ge layer is formed at the top, and it is suitably planarized before the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The crack density is effectively decreased, despite that the efficiency is also lowered with respect to unpatterned devices. The reasons of this efficiency reduction are discussed, and a strategy for improvement is proposed and explored. Full morphological analysis of the coalesced Ge blocks is reported, and the final devices are tested under concentrated AM1.5D spectrum. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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84.
Protocatechuic acid activates key components of insulin signaling pathway mimicking insulin activity 下载免费PDF全文
85.
We have constructed new yeast vectors for targeted integration and conditional expression of any sequence at the Saccharomyces cerevisiae TYR1 locus which becomes disrupted. We show that vector integration is not neutral, causing prototrophy for tyrosine and auxotrophy for the vector's selectable marker (uracil or leucine, depending on the vector used). This feature allows a double screening of transformed yeast cells, improving the identification of colonies with the desired chromosomal structure. The GAL10 gene promoter has been added to drive conditional expression of cloned sequences. Using these vectors, chromosomal structure verification of recombinant clones is no longer necessary, since the noise of non-homologous recombination, as well as spontaneous reversion of the selected phenotype, can easily be identified. The ability of the vector to conditionally control gene expression has been confirmed using the gene for the green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter. 相似文献
86.
Moderate red wine consumption is associated with decreased risk for cardiovascular disease; however, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of red wine polyphenols (WP) on the oxidizability of human plasma fatty acids, in particular those most involved in the inflammatory response — archidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The oxidizability of the major fatty acids of plasma was determined by measuring their loss gaschromatographycally during peroxidation kinetics induced by 2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine)-dihydrochloride. The capacity of WP to scavenge 1,1,diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, and trap total peroxyl radicals in plasma (TRAP) was also measured. WP (1.75–5 μg/mL) inhibited DPPH, superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals and increased TRAP in a dose-dependent manner. WP (1.75 μg/mL) significantly protected all plasma PUFA from peroxidation but the protection of EPA and DHA was higher than that of AA. These results suggest that the association of WP to apolipoproteins makes EPA and DHA less accessible to hydro-soluble radicals than AA, thus providing a biochemical rationale for future ‘in vivo’ studies on the benefits to health of moderate red wine consumption. 相似文献
87.
The twenty‐first century challenges engineering educators to design learning experiences to strategically and holistically target students' development, including cognitive, psychomotor, social and affective domains. We propose a guide for the design process. The Four‐Domain Development Diagram (4DDD) is a synthesis of learning theory and empirical data. This guide maps the relationships among the major factors that influence learning and presents them in the form of a causal loop diagram, a tool used by systems dynamicists to show how changes in important factors affect other factors within the system. In this paper, we present the theoretical and empirical basis of the 4DDD. We also describe how the 4DDD can be used as a design guide for instructional changes that promote more effective learning experiences for the broader cognitive, social, affective, and psychomotor development required of today's engineering graduate. 相似文献
88.
Luigi Pasqua Antonio Procopio Manuela Oliverio Rosina Paonessa Roberta Prete Monica Nardi Maria Francesca Casula Flaviano Testa Janos B. Nagy 《Journal of Porous Materials》2013,20(4):865-873
Hybrid materials obtained through a Microwave-assisted grafting of organic functional groups on mesoporous silica (MCM-41 type) have been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, TG-DSC, N2 adsorption, solid state 13C- and 29Si-NMR, TEM and SEM. The studied grafting procedure is effective in the preparation of hybrid organosilicas under solvent-free conditions. Microwaves allows an ultra-fast and clean functionalization of the mesoporous materials and the method has been applied to produce a wide series of functional materials. The hybrid materials maintain the original mesoporous structure when the loading of linked organic groups does not exceed 10 %. In this cases, the slight pore volume reduction is linearly correlated to the organic amount in the product. If functional groups able to interact among them through hydrogen bond are used, hybrid materials exhibit high Organic/SiO2 ratios and low pore volumes due to the formation of a network occluding the pores, where functional groups of free organosilane molecules interacts with the functional groups of molecules linked to the matrix. NMR data confirm that the network is composed by organosilane molecules linked or not to the framework. Acid washing is able to labilize hydrogen bond and open the network. In the case of bulky but chemically inert functionalising agents the network is not produced. 相似文献
89.
Armando Calabrese Roberta Costa Tamara Menichini 《Expert systems with applications》2013,40(9):3747-3755
In today’s competitive business environment, Intellectual Capital (IC) management is ever more recognized as a fundamental factor in gaining competitive advantage. Actually, most firms have only a vague idea of how to manage investments in IC and what they should obtain from these investments. As a result, many companies overlook to balance IC investments, overinvesting in some IC components and neglecting other ones. Following this lead, the aim of the paper is to assess the relative importance of IC components, with respect to their contribution to the company value creation, in order to obtain guidelines for IC management and investments.We propose a model for IC evaluation by integrating Fuzzy Logic and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). This Fuzzy AHP approach allows to capture and foster IC dynamics: experts and managers are greatly supported by the use of linguistic variables in the evaluation process of the company intangible assets. Finally, the application of the Fuzzy AHP methodology to a group of ICT service companies is presented. 相似文献
90.
Taylor Shelley E.; Falke Roberta L.; Shoptaw Steven J.; Lichtman Rosemary R. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1986,54(5):608
Surveys the literature on social support and cancer and reports results from an empirical investigation of the factors that led cancer patients to join social support groups. Questionnaire data from 666 21–89 yr old cancer patients show that although most Ss received high levels of social support following cancer, some experienced isolated instances of rejection or did not receive the type of support they wanted from family, friends, and medical caregivers. This appeared to be 1 impetus for joining cancer support groups, although Ss reporting a lack of social support were not generally more likely to join support groups than were other Ss. The Profile of Mood States suggested that attenders were somewhat less likely to be depressed than were nonattenders. In addition, cancer support group attenders were more likely to be White middle-class females, to report having more problems, and to use social support resources of all kinds than were nonattenders. Implications for outreach to cancer patients are discussed, and it is concluded that while support groups may be beneficial for many cancer patients, current programs tend to be used largely by the same segment of the population that uses traditional mental health services. (81 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献