Browning susceptibility of minimally processed Baby and Romaine lettuces

 This study was conducted to determine the effects of cultivar, tissue susceptibility and storage temperature on the keeping quality of minimally processed Baby and Romaine lettuces. Midrib and photosynthetic tissues were lightly processed and stored for up to 7 days at 5  °C and 13  °C. Changes in L ^* and a ^* values and absorbance at 430 nm were compared. The relationship between polyphenols, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities and browning was examined. Measurements of L ^* and a ^* values on midribs showed that browning discoloration was the same for Baby as for Romaine lettuces and there was no relationship for temperature. In addition, L ^* and a ^* values in photosynthetic tissue indicated a decrease in green pigmentation during storage, especially at 13  °C. For both kinds of tissue at the end of cold storage an increase in soluble brown polymers was detected. In midribs, total phenolics increased significantly throughout the storage period because of the tissue-wounding response. The photosynthetic tissue had a higher phenolic content than the midrib one. For both kinds of tissue an increase in PPO activity occurred throughout cold storage. On the other hand, PAL activity in midrib tissue only increased initially, followed by a slow decline to reach normal levels. Browning potential estimated by L ^* values correlated significantly (P>95%) with PPO activity and with absorbance at 430 nm for Romaine lettuce. Based on colour and browning potential no differences between Romaine and Baby lettuce cultivars were observed. However, photosynthetic tissue was the most suitable tissue for the preparation of minimally processed salad mixes because of its high phenolic content. Received: 28 September 1998     

Characterisation of volatile compounds of farmed soft‐shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) by solid‐phase microextraction and the influence of matrix pH on the release of volatiles

Although farming and consuming of soft‐shelled turtle has been practised for centuries, the aroma‐impact compounds in the meat have not been determined. Furthermore, matrix pH, usually changing during processing and storage stage, was rarely investigated for the influence on volatile profiles. To these aims, soft‐shelled turtle meat was subjected to different pH conditions and the potential volatile compounds were analysed under different extraction conditions by headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME). A total of forty‐three volatiles were identified; in which, nonanal, (E, E)‐2, 4‐heptadienal, octanal, decanal, hexanal, (E)‐2‐nonenal, heptanal, 1‐octen‐3‐ol and o‐xylene were assigned as aroma‐impact compounds by high relative odour activity value (ROAV). Overly basic or acidic pH significantly (P < 0.05) facilitated the release of volatiles under moderate extraction conditions. The total volatilisation increased by 30.1% to 298% in pH‐shifted samples, while the highest one was found in pH 2 or pH 11. However, the results of principal components analysis (PCA) demonstrated that increased extraction time or temperature hindered the pH enhancement.     

植物单宁对油酸抗氧化性研究

以固载单宁皮粉(IT-HP)作为含单宁的成品革模型物,以油酸模拟皮革中的不饱和油脂类加脂剂,研究植物单宁对油酸的抗氧化性。系统研究了固载单宁皮粉中3种不同单宁对油酸的抗氧化作用,并优选抗氧化性最好的黑荆树单宁,考察了单宁用量、pH值和温度等条件对其抗氧化作用的影响。结果表明:3种单宁均具有良好的抑制油酸过氧化作用;抗油酸过氧化能力的强弱顺序为:黑荆树单宁>杨梅单宁>落叶松单宁;黑荆树单宁用量为20%时,抗氧化性最强;较高的pH值有利于黑荆树单宁的抗氧化作用;温度主要对油酸过氧化速度产生影响;在油酸过氧化反应初期,温度对黑荆树单宁抗氧化性的影响较小。     

出口浓缩果汁中脂环酸芽孢杆菌的分离及相关生物学特性的研究

通过对甘肃省内浓缩苹果汁生产企业的浓缩苹果汁成品以及浓缩苹果汁生产中的主要生产工段进行无菌取样,共采集144个样品,经过分离、筛选和纯化,共得到59株分离菌株,并与标准菌株Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris (ATCC 49025)、Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus(ATCC 49029)进行对比分析.结果表明在耐热、耐酸性检验中,可以较好地生长,符合脂环酸芽孢杆菌属嗜酸耐热的特点;细胞、菌落形态观察、生长条件、生理生化特征和糖、醇利用等方面与标准菌株有较大的相似性.     

基于尼罗红荧光染色的小球藻脂质快速检测方法研究

尼罗红荧光染色的脂质测定方法已经应用到一些种类的微藻当中,但在细胞壁较厚的一些绿藻中因不易染色而无法应用.选用了4株小球藻,对尼罗红荧光染色测定脂质的方法进行改进,采用20％二甲基亚砜溶液作为渗透剂,在35 ～ 40℃下对藻细胞进行前处理,加强尼罗红与胞内脂质的结合;藻细胞密度的OD540在0.8～1.1范围内,加入15 μL质量浓度为0.1 mg/mL的尼罗红丙酮溶液染色可以有效提高荧光发射强度.该方法能够较为准确地反映胞内脂质含量,可以作为自然界中广泛筛选富脂绿藻的快速检测方法.     

包装机械对标装置的分析

主要分析了包装机械的对标装置 ,其采用磁粉制动器控制包材膜片的张力 ,达到两侧包材的色标对正 ,并介绍了对标装置的电气控制方法     

柑桔皮提取液的抗氧化作用研究

采用微波强化浸提法提取桔皮中的活性物质,测定提取液对羟自由基、超氧阴离子和过氧化氢的清除效果.实验结果表明：桔皮提取液对活性氧具有很高的清除作用,0.5 mL桔皮提取液对羟自由基的清除率达到100%,对超氧阴离子的清除率达到98%以上,稀释100倍的桔皮提取液0.7 mL对过氧化氢的清除率仍可达25%左右.在保藏猪油的抗氧化应用实验中,0.5%添加量的桔皮提取液的抗氧化效果与相同添加量的Vc的抗氧化效果相当.     

两种不同的芹菜籽油中脂肪酸的GC/MS分析

采用索氏提取法提取了天津实心芹菜籽油及美国西芹籽油,提取的油用氢氧化钾-甲醇法酯化后,对其进行了GC/MS分析.从天津实心芹菜籽油中分离确定了13种脂肪酸,从美国西芹籽油中共检出6种脂肪酸,其中大多数为不饱和脂肪酸,这对于芹菜籽油的开发利用提供了科学依据.     

糖厂自备电厂频率保护策略研究与实践

以糖厂发配电系统的实际配置为基础,对现有采样算法进行对比分析,选取适用的电压、电流、频率等参数的采样算法;对比研究了国内外相关孤岛检测技术,基于单机-无穷大运行模型,研究了自备热电厂发电机组的负荷极限;确定了外部主网故障防自备电厂孤岛效应的解列条件以及继电保护逻辑;对自备电厂用电负荷进行分级,据此确定低频减载判据,最后...     

清肝明目夏枯草

“夏枯草，味苦辛，性寒，可入肺气郁结所致瘰疬……效果极佳。”但是。在万千而神奇的大自然中，选择夏季这个生命力最为茂盛的季节来结束自己生命的花花草草其实很多。为什么独独夏枯草占了“夏枯”之名？[编者按]